tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-460882257911217882024-03-16T18:52:08.996+00:00Hull History CentreNews, stories and updates from Hull History CentreNeil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.comBlogger317125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-88503000325126809462024-02-27T10:30:00.172+00:002024-02-27T10:30:00.136+00:00The Ye Olde White Harte and myth of the Plotting Parlour<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">The Ye Olde White Harte holds
a special place in the fabric of Hull. Situated between Silver Street and
Bowlalley Lane, and linked by a passage between the two, the unsuspecting
visitor may easily walk past and not give it a second glance. For those who have
frequented its premises it is a step back in time to when Hull remained
confined to its medieval walls. At the time when no docks existed, ships would
have fought for mooring space in the river Hull along the length of High Street
waiting to load and unload their goods and cargos. The towns inhabitants of
around 6,000 would have lived within the town walls. Beyond the walled town was open country. Many of those born
in Hull would have lived, worked, and died in the town, perhaps never venturing
far from its walls. For those that did leave, most were employed at sea,
sailing to the Baltic, Northern Europe and beyond!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Whilst being well-known as favourite
among Hull’s watering holes, a must if participating in Hull's famous ale trail, the
Ye Olde White Harte has become known to many known as the place where in 1642, Sir
John Hotham, the then governor of Hull was said to have hatched a plot in the
‘Plotting Parlour’ denying King Charles I entry into Hull. Charles returned to
York before moving to Nottingham when on 22 August 1642 he raised his standard,
sparking the English Civil War. And the rest they say is history!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Stop there. Whilst Sir John
Hotham did indeed refuse Charles entry into Hull, the decision wasn’t taken in
the Ye Olde White Harte. The Plotting Parlour in the Ye Olde White Harte has
got somewhat confused with the actual plot hatched there some forty-six years
later.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Plotting Parlour in the Ye
Olde White Harte takes its name from an event in 1688. In that year, on 3 December the Mayor, Aldermen along with leading figures of the town gathered at the then deputy
governors house, now the Ye Olde White Harte. They hatched a plan to overthrow
Hull’s Catholic governor. It is this plot that the Plotting Parlour takes its
name from, not that of Sir John Hotham’s refusal to admit Charles I into Hull.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Despite this, some continue to
believe, and indeed strongly argue that the Plotting Parlour is indeed where
Sir John Hotham decided to refuse Charles I entry into Hull in 1642.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So, owing to this confusion,
we’d thought we’d take a few minutes to put the record straight. Please note if
you are one of those who strongly believes the Ye Olde White Harte is indeed
the place where the plot was hatched to refuse King Charles I entry into Hull, you may want to look away now…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The myth <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The myth about the Ye Old
White Harte being the residence of Sir John Hotham appears to have originated
in the 19th century. Despite many of its original features, the building
underwent significant alterations in 1881. Features like its stained-glass windows, which include the depiction of Sir John only adds to the myth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ye Olde White Harte<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Evidence reveals (</span><a href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1197696?section=official-list-entry"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Historic
England</span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">) the building was not erected until after the Civil War.
It was built by William Catlyn, for Alderman William Foxley, a wealthy grocer
in 1660. Caytln was a bricklayer in Hull and responsible for several buildings
in the town, including Wilberforce House and probably Crowle House. Catlyn
himself is recorded in some of the documents here at the History Centre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTZHtlIhLFdprIW9Fn0IchMcVuBka01mYAEiHfUmpYNdkDKCVNpf4NMP6FFuSl4BuJBpdkiLq36iFJr4L4cEzeTZw08cM6bW0FnQE_DBUifEcXjCVygY62zJnLMmhl_g8I8t5JT13C1ToalQdElIe_wY9qqrwdRgBgZBKRzTw6ook6WhULA92cr2MlzQ/s4032/Ye%20Olde%20White%20Harte.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTZHtlIhLFdprIW9Fn0IchMcVuBka01mYAEiHfUmpYNdkDKCVNpf4NMP6FFuSl4BuJBpdkiLq36iFJr4L4cEzeTZw08cM6bW0FnQE_DBUifEcXjCVygY62zJnLMmhl_g8I8t5JT13C1ToalQdElIe_wY9qqrwdRgBgZBKRzTw6ook6WhULA92cr2MlzQ/w400-h300/Ye%20Olde%20White%20Harte.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ye Olde White Harte today</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hollar’s plan of Hull, c.1640</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A clue to whether the Ye Olde
White Harte was around at the time of the English Civil War is perhaps revealed
in Hollar’s plan of Hull of c.1640. Looking in the vicinity in which the Ye
Olde White Harte is located (image below), there is a gap or space where the Ye
Olde White Harte sits today. Firstly, this isn’t unusual. Gaps or spaces were
common at this time in Hull. Despite being confined within its medieval walls, the
town had open spaces, particularly close to its walls. There were even gardens!
We must of course recognise not every building in Hollar’s plan is accurate and
therefore allow for some form of artistic licence on his behalf. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfydFjWmIAggzPmajq_UEKKWkkXTKCTl4W5UJPFk7qfCuH6wPJ551BqTATWk5wjhyphenhyphenN6fUCVnLtk10CXFy8WQiGPv41xjo1gmA3a7_tX1OzQwBAKtuIw0jvhd5A6MxGzctNo4SpoOFoS22V9iwTi5Odhc8orbA9G-ne4Dfv-J1nu8nra7-3OIRZcA2sw/s1853/Hollar%20plan%20White%20Harte%20blog.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="1853" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfydFjWmIAggzPmajq_UEKKWkkXTKCTl4W5UJPFk7qfCuH6wPJ551BqTATWk5wjhyphenhyphenN6fUCVnLtk10CXFy8WQiGPv41xjo1gmA3a7_tX1OzQwBAKtuIw0jvhd5A6MxGzctNo4SpoOFoS22V9iwTi5Odhc8orbA9G-ne4Dfv-J1nu8nra7-3OIRZcA2sw/w640-h277/Hollar%20plan%20White%20Harte%20blog.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hollar's plan of Hull, c.1640 showing a section of Whitefriargate before it became known as Silver Street. The Ye Old White Harte is now located between here and what was Denton Lane, now Bowlalley Lane.<br />[Ref: L MAPS/4/12]</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">That said, Hollar appears to
have had a knack to illustrate places from a viewpoint, impossible before
flight. He must also have had some intimate knowledge of the town. Hollar depicts,
for example, the busy river with most buildings lining Hight Street which for
centuries was Hull’s commercial and economic hub. It was in the River Hull or 'Haven' that ships loaded and unload their goods and cargos whilst merchant
houses and warehouses would have lined the river front and High Street. And Hollar
knew this.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Castle and Blockhouses on
the eastern side of the river are shown in detail, whilst prominent landmarks
such as Holy Trinity, the Suffolk Palace, the Guildhall all feature, though
this is perhaps to be expected being the town’s most prominent buildings at the time. Lister
House, the forerunner to Wilberforce House can also be identified. This begs
the question, with Sir John Hotham being governor of Hull around 1640, had the ‘Governors
House’ at the time been that of the Ye Olde White Harte, would Hollar have
included this? It was after all it was one of the larger and impressive
residences in the town back then.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The location of the old ferry
crossing across the river just south of the original North Bridge is shown, whilst
the cut on the eastern side of the river Hull, which is still there today, is also visible. Yet the same cut isn’t shown on Speed’s map of 1610. Nor is it
shown on the Cotton plan of Hull of c.1530. Hollar must therefore have had some
knowledge of the town. Whether he visited in person, we do not know. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hollar had every reason to create
accurate as possible maps and plans. The demand for detailed and accurate maps
and plans was ever increasing. To military commanders their value would have
been a huge benefit, especially during the English Civil War, particularly whilst
employing sieges against a town, including that of Hull. Could the Earl of
Newcastle, for example, have held in his possession a copy of Hollar’s plan whilst
laying siege to Hull? There is no doubt the value of Hollar’s work is certainly
in the detail. Hollar added a scale which is measured in feet further
emphasising the need for accuracy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">‘Plot’ and refusal to admit
Charles I into Hull<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In terms of where the decision
was made back in 1642 to refuse Charles I entry into Hull, such a decision would
have likely have been made in the Guildhall. Not the Guildhall we see today,
but the building that once stood at what is now the junction of Lowgate and
Mytongate, close to the King William statue. Since at least 1333 the mayor,
alderman and burgesses of the town met at the Guildhall. It was here
that decisions were made concerning the governing of the town. Prisoners were
tried and imprisoned here. High Street may have been the economic hub of Hull, but
it was the Guildhall that was the political centre the town.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4GqKrQZjTq0zlWLRT5ilaI3c-yxtggkyEyMzsFE_L2Pk62V1diHXLZHicQZBo2vhUAwY4eupu-1s5D9n7ehYexLGkeDVYdVuF1Pdkw7fiqZL0diWvhH7WQT6ScOqSl3afCXaGNxY_32G5ZiNCcCPzrFO7kXIUThHO1a_5JYR7tKe6t2EUGBUcKQAZDA/s4032/Gaol.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4GqKrQZjTq0zlWLRT5ilaI3c-yxtggkyEyMzsFE_L2Pk62V1diHXLZHicQZBo2vhUAwY4eupu-1s5D9n7ehYexLGkeDVYdVuF1Pdkw7fiqZL0diWvhH7WQT6ScOqSl3afCXaGNxY_32G5ZiNCcCPzrFO7kXIUThHO1a_5JYR7tKe6t2EUGBUcKQAZDA/w480-h640/Gaol.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Guildhall, or Old Jail, guardhouse, c.1780 was located at what is now the junction of Lowgate and Mytongate, the building originally dated from around 1333. Despite undergoing alterations over the centuries, it was here for centuries that Mayor, Aldermen met to discuss town business. It was more than likely here that Sir John Hotham along with the Mayor, Aldermen and senior figures of the town made the decision not to admit Charles I into Hull.<br />[Ref: Lp.365/1]</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Was Sir John’s decision not to
admit Charles a plot as such? Sir John was appointed governor by parliament and
to act on behalf of and under parliament’s instruction. The decision to refuse
Charles I entry into Hull was that of Parliament. Sir John was instructed not
to admit any forces into the town without orders from Parliament. Sir John, the Mayor, the Aldermen together with Parliament knew Charles wasn’t coming
to Hull to sightsee, nor was he nipping in for a quick cuppa and a catch-up with
friends. He coming to Hull to for one reason and one reason only. That was to
secure the towns arsenal, which outside of London was the largest in the
country. And being a trading port with connections to northern Europe and beyond,
Hull provided Charles with a secure port to land supplies and men should war be
declared against Parliament.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sir John had personal reason
not to admit Charles. Beef and existed between the two going back
to 1640 when Sir John was removed from his first post as Governor of Hull by
Charles following repeated conflicts with Charles over ship money. Charles also
threatened Sir John with hanging if he continued to oppose Second Bishops War
with Scotland in late 1640. Mindful of this, Sir John knew the personal risk of
admitting Charles into Hull, which could have easily ended with his execution.
The feud between Sir John and Charles wasn’t exactly secret and this would have been known to Hull’s Mayor and Aldermen. This, along with Sir
John’s orders from Parliament would have hardly been a secret as such.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Knowing bad blood existed
between the two, and the fact that Parliament appointed Sir John as governor
with instruction not to surrender the town or its armoury without direct
instruction from Parliament, the decision to refuse Charles entry may well have
weighed somewhat on the minds of Hull’s townsfolk. Being declared at traitor by
the King wasn't something to be taken lightly. But the idea of a ‘plot’ or ‘plotting’ indicates
some sort of secrecy. Sir John’s feelings towards Charles must have been one of
the factors which influenced Parliament to appoint Sir John as Hull’s Governor
in the first place. This, and the fact Sir John was governor previously made Sir John the obvious choice. Parliament
must have therefore been confident in Sir John securing the town for them. Had the town not been secured for Parliament then the outcome of the Civil War may have been very different!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Some may argue Sir John was
somewhat undecided on this loyalty. He was after all ready to switch sides to
the King in 1643 because of Sir John’s deteriorating relationship with Parliament
due to Parliament’s reluctance to provide money to garrison Hull. However, there
was little to suggest Sir John was sat on the fence in 1642.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1688 however things were different. The towns Catholic Governor was planning to arrest Hull's Protestant officers and soldiers. In order to the turn the tables against Hull's Catholic Governor a plot was hatched. This plot was devised in the Deputy Governors house (now the Ye Olde White Harte) by Hull's leading Protestant figures. But in order for it to succeed it had to be done in secrecy, whereas 46 years earlier, Sir John's intentions not to admit were arguably less of a secret hence the idea of a plot against Charles being less likely. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Conclusion <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The building we now know as
the Ye Olde White Harte wasn’t built until after the Civil War. This should be enough
to disprove the Ye Old White Harte as being the place where Sir John Hotham
plotted to refuse Charles I entry into Hull. </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">Everything therefore points to the ‘Plotting Parlour’ taking its name from plot conceived in 1688 to overthrow Hull’s Catholic governor.</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">We must also question whether a
plot was even devised in the first place knowing Sir John’s clear instructions
from Parliament and the bad blood that existed between him and Charles. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The town of Hull may have initially had some reluctance to accept Sir John as the Governor for second time in 1642 but
yielded to Parliament wishes. Perhaps Hull’s townsfolk were hoping a last-minute
intervention would reconcile Charles and Parliament. However, by this time Charles
had relocated to Oxford, and with each passing day any reconciliation receded. Hull’s
mayor and Aldermen must have realised the implications, and quite possibly what
was to come.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Unlike Sir John who had clear orders, those conspiring to overthrow the
Catholic governor in 1688 had every reason to act in secret. The Catholic
governor was planning to arrest Protestant officers and soldiers of Hull’s garrison.
And it was in the Plotting Parlour that the plan was hatched to turn the tables
on Hull’s Catholic Governor and arrest him first. Secrecy was therefore the
upmost for this to succeed. This, along with the fact the Ye Olde White Harte
wasn’t built until 1660 but also being the deputy governors house in 1688 is
more than enough to confirm that the Plotting Parlour relates to the plot 1688,
rather than the alleged plot to refuse Charles I entry into Hull in 1642.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Neil Chadwick </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Librarian/Archivist </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-34042682102732026622023-12-14T11:00:00.001+00:002023-12-14T11:00:00.140+00:00All Change: The University's records move house<h3 style="text-align: left;">The challenge…</h3><p>The sheer scale of the material created by the University of Hull since 1927 is immense. Imagine moving house and having to take nearly 100 years worth of belongings with you. Now multiply this by numerous departments, faculties and professional services teams... that’s a lot of stuff!</p><p>As well as neatly boxed up material, we had accessions that hadn’t been re-packaged:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVFy8doEmALfpGiJ5Bi7SJkfJLxX22WBaaD10kwGJEUx9J8D8qnxg4bgIozk2EzHHX1AJFDCIXMYRM2_oh3LwPPdijb7EelxABqQsbnW-uEkUvtnD8kfmAl4wHtppG5oNYHB-o7R97rJri2RqeS4jsiqBbww4wKlsOHhqW1gpx0mWsblxskkrP2mp_jQ/s4000/IMG_20231010_152803312.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVFy8doEmALfpGiJ5Bi7SJkfJLxX22WBaaD10kwGJEUx9J8D8qnxg4bgIozk2EzHHX1AJFDCIXMYRM2_oh3LwPPdijb7EelxABqQsbnW-uEkUvtnD8kfmAl4wHtppG5oNYHB-o7R97rJri2RqeS4jsiqBbww4wKlsOHhqW1gpx0mWsblxskkrP2mp_jQ/w400-h300/IMG_20231010_152803312.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Records of the University's Anglican Chaplaincy stored in wine boxes</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p>We had loose volumes that still needed bespoke boxes making for them:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCN9rogNwYkdRkBIqKkdcc4tq6mg3l0mOmYeyWB0kfE8Y0FS6VL-t8c4S9ry1SrU-Cb-ozW586uaANtJxrmfriXRTsjvUqDsEVoNdqrswpODoJHdn_Zt1092p572cSmq6Vaiy-nXTm_xZdDK4r4O6cNMzps36hVq0GRL8WX1hIWSr0aUe3DPMlIIeIRA/s4000/IMG_20231010_153451107.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCN9rogNwYkdRkBIqKkdcc4tq6mg3l0mOmYeyWB0kfE8Y0FS6VL-t8c4S9ry1SrU-Cb-ozW586uaANtJxrmfriXRTsjvUqDsEVoNdqrswpODoJHdn_Zt1092p572cSmq6Vaiy-nXTm_xZdDK4r4O6cNMzps36hVq0GRL8WX1hIWSr0aUe3DPMlIIeIRA/w400-h300/IMG_20231010_153451107.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Unboxed scrapbooks</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p>And, we had outsized material that required us to resize the shelves to accommodate it in a new location:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFgJiNgqDQSdg75ORdwfoC1-hJZs6FCFLSx2-mQJHiXL-MP_cVdYUcHQVOZ-vtqtKlojSO77F6062gqu043_HSo-uEBY0cv0oXrIwz46rE4_hoRUTYixho-iFcKZ_c2M70jDn-TgW_VUpOPfVv1uEzh-mc8NaVUf5OavOQEedyhYUmR97JSQH_r1AjPQ/s4000/IMG_20231010_152808518_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFgJiNgqDQSdg75ORdwfoC1-hJZs6FCFLSx2-mQJHiXL-MP_cVdYUcHQVOZ-vtqtKlojSO77F6062gqu043_HSo-uEBY0cv0oXrIwz46rE4_hoRUTYixho-iFcKZ_c2M70jDn-TgW_VUpOPfVv1uEzh-mc8NaVUf5OavOQEedyhYUmR97JSQH_r1AjPQ/w400-h300/IMG_20231010_152808518_HDR.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Mixed sized material requiring shelf resizing before it could be rehomed</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p>On top of all of this, we discovered that single collections were often split physically across multiple locations.</p><p>Basically, we had been putting things wherever there was space at the time it came to us. Although understandable, this was not an ideal situation to be in. Having things all over the place was going to make processing tasks such as re-boxing, weeding out duplicates, and box listing more complicated and time consuming. The logical step was to review the physical space, unite split collections, try to get everything into one area of the strong rooms, and generally create some kind of order from the chaos. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Planning is key…</h3><p>Remember our collections management spreadsheet? The work that went into this now started to pay off. We used the information we had collated to identify and locate split collections, work out how much space was needed for each collection to be relocated together, and make a list of everything that needed to be re-boxed. Next, we mapped this to the physical space we had to play with.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Getting moving…</h3><p>And so, to the actual move. This was not a simple case of transferring boxes from one location to a lovely clear run of empty shelves – if only it was so easy! </p><p>Our strongrooms are pretty full and so to move anything is a bit like a logic puzzle. A page of our working out might demonstrate the complexity of this task better than a description:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGQPby2MDzhw4ezlLv1CFlhPR-OTner-BCVJztSkhtp4HkIPvulD2ihmWwIcQJivRPVrqnxiuSW-FHYHvzz2nIp5se0ySCO0O3FIw2D4xcsel6RMopRhGEVTMngC3YMKdc2gFc0bW_s-8zWzwGpY2m0WyJHkEh24L6UtZ6kAMgmFdalATwTr7T4bVXOw/s4000/IMG_20231005_141816639.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGQPby2MDzhw4ezlLv1CFlhPR-OTner-BCVJztSkhtp4HkIPvulD2ihmWwIcQJivRPVrqnxiuSW-FHYHvzz2nIp5se0ySCO0O3FIw2D4xcsel6RMopRhGEVTMngC3YMKdc2gFc0bW_s-8zWzwGpY2m0WyJHkEh24L6UtZ6kAMgmFdalATwTr7T4bVXOw/w300-h400/IMG_20231005_141816639.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Location notes - a bit messy but we've shown our workings!</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">To get things into order we had to first move other things out, clear a run of shelf space, move the collections into place, and then move the boxes that had been clears to make this space elsewhere. In some cases, we had to pile whole collections on the floor until we could relocate them several steps of the move later.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrobx_VlQxBa4scxDAxaTI71FyrUp8_Ix7_G5pGReqkggga20AyGiaw7g-SR0fyJZEZlzWQ_eLhsiKAd_MczQYECMqaRfXQlC80FklfVEFkMIbIl9VmJohKKYzw2mr2j9yitg2Vbmb_hYsPNPE5nH8MBA7FFfVDyIek0FQTx0uoP1gv30Pi6g_TixjXg/s4000/IMG_20231127_095014972.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrobx_VlQxBa4scxDAxaTI71FyrUp8_Ix7_G5pGReqkggga20AyGiaw7g-SR0fyJZEZlzWQ_eLhsiKAd_MczQYECMqaRfXQlC80FklfVEFkMIbIl9VmJohKKYzw2mr2j9yitg2Vbmb_hYsPNPE5nH8MBA7FFfVDyIek0FQTx0uoP1gv30Pi6g_TixjXg/w300-h400/IMG_20231127_095014972.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Box move in progress - note the discarded cardigan, it was warm work!</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">This work was exhausting but worthwhile. Whilst lugging everything around, we discovered a number of duplicate record series, namely some bound volumes of minutes and student newspapers. These were taking up valuable space so we took the decision to weed them out, given that we already had complete sets in better condition. Yey! to a bit of space saving.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdys1o7CgEITfF1AOQEk6gazHP8y8xbFE-HrJ-YmUjLmxCdRap-uJG2agTKmwrZ9QaGT3KPOSnY9MzfHVhB-CwpT6mymujhYjP9L-hEHcl-v_RwvOb6galmwX4JiAZo9DErilzHFIfTm-3hJJeKSV6jvS4ap6cRm3XkjXUnOPtkbTwqQ6-CWNCJvMwVg/s4000/IMG_20231010_152745299_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdys1o7CgEITfF1AOQEk6gazHP8y8xbFE-HrJ-YmUjLmxCdRap-uJG2agTKmwrZ9QaGT3KPOSnY9MzfHVhB-CwpT6mymujhYjP9L-hEHcl-v_RwvOb6galmwX4JiAZo9DErilzHFIfTm-3hJJeKSV6jvS4ap6cRm3XkjXUnOPtkbTwqQ6-CWNCJvMwVg/s320/IMG_20231010_152745299_HDR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Duplicate records weeded out, along with folders and boxes for our repacking activities</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">We also took the opportunity to make some bespoke boxes for some of the outsized material we discovered. Chief amongst this stuff was a series of press cutting volumes. Boxing them up protected them and made them easier to handle, it also gave our wonderful City Archives colleague Pete and excuse to mess about with the box making machine in our conservation studio!</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrA_2K75p6a8YiJE3zuo4PvL_UCPrAhvy6Osdm_ZXxJzeiNwjMiV4FyJVE9H5HIW5FY6LWxiFFmwU0c_DP35hV280ahMqXOpgn48wAj53Bcfov9AYZVgC-FPAQv_PgzXq57mlDb_UPNxoam6OIQgB2KExltL5voKih-70NUnRQ4tfDY6dbf0oKXoOPQ/s4000/IMG_20231010_153509611.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrA_2K75p6a8YiJE3zuo4PvL_UCPrAhvy6Osdm_ZXxJzeiNwjMiV4FyJVE9H5HIW5FY6LWxiFFmwU0c_DP35hV280ahMqXOpgn48wAj53Bcfov9AYZVgC-FPAQv_PgzXq57mlDb_UPNxoam6OIQgB2KExltL5voKih-70NUnRQ4tfDY6dbf0oKXoOPQ/w300-h400/IMG_20231010_153509611.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Pete making boxes for some volumes of press cuttings</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">Over the course of three weeks, we moved roughly 14 racks worth of boxes.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlZSVXfIyksa2OrdVK4srDEAryUS7av0j8eoKnvWmq57AO9FJMNuJrakgOnWOtFs6rMy2093gmzKsIo6jAV2RrE2eGEs8dK4KXkQFLX3zC2hNc8WHyeIe7ebJIpaupPmKHvOShvmPFmrqwmVRutxybEVerjNRq6grHDpZiFmOMRJ9MY53lZCbVML-YQ/s4000/IMG_20231010_152402972.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlZSVXfIyksa2OrdVK4srDEAryUS7av0j8eoKnvWmq57AO9FJMNuJrakgOnWOtFs6rMy2093gmzKsIo6jAV2RrE2eGEs8dK4KXkQFLX3zC2hNc8WHyeIe7ebJIpaupPmKHvOShvmPFmrqwmVRutxybEVerjNRq6grHDpZiFmOMRJ9MY53lZCbVML-YQ/w300-h400/IMG_20231010_152402972.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Example of one rack, we move 14 of these!</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">So, with everything intellectually and physically in place, we are now in a much better position to start on the cataloguing work. But first, a rest!</p><div><i>Claire Weatherall, Archivist (Hull University Archives)</i></div>Claire Weatherallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981310806601680841noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-86641095233460486212023-11-20T10:30:00.003+00:002023-11-20T10:30:00.152+00:00Digitising the University of Hull’s history: A journey through time at Hull University Archives. <p>In this blog post, I will take you on a journey through my transformative internship experience at Hull University Archives. Stepping into the hallowed halls of the archives, I was transported back in time, surrounded by unique records, rare books and the scent of old paper. During my internship, I had the unique opportunity to contribute to the preservation of my alma mater's history by digitizing historical records dating back to the university's inception in 1927. Through this process, I gained a deeper appreciation for the importance of preserving historical records for future generations. The task at hand was both fascinating and daunting to digitize historical records catalogues spanning nearly a century. I invite you to join me on this captivating adventure through the annals of the University of Hull’s history as we explore the impact of digitizing historical record catalogues and the role they play in preserving the legacy of this esteemed institution.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgelLGaHCSV7QyHICmjn6RaIPb9MBywDR_chcN0RECxrryT93OMuW8dP4idHrsJgjgThZGOx4yUhOBT2Y5LYl-MTtLXl2Yvnyoa36heUOAXOyKbAz67YiZV2g63HqWlvcyHyHt8EB9Qi5pP5urMqyFMfOBaXi4vh3QVORkoGuReKGZjrHqkdAEAWzBxQ/s4805/U%20HU9-1-1%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4147" data-original-width="4805" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgelLGaHCSV7QyHICmjn6RaIPb9MBywDR_chcN0RECxrryT93OMuW8dP4idHrsJgjgThZGOx4yUhOBT2Y5LYl-MTtLXl2Yvnyoa36heUOAXOyKbAz67YiZV2g63HqWlvcyHyHt8EB9Qi5pP5urMqyFMfOBaXi4vh3QVORkoGuReKGZjrHqkdAEAWzBxQ/w400-h345/U%20HU9-1-1%20(1).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Programme recording first graduations at University College Hull, held 11 Feb 1950</span> </td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">The Digitisation Process</h3><p>During the digitisation process, I was responsible for creating high-resolution images of a series of 61 programs. To achieve this, I meticulously scanned each page of the catalogues and transformed them into high-quality image files, this step required precision ensuring that no details were left behind. The next step was to convert these images into both PDF and JPEG formats, making them easily accessible for research, inquiries, and outreach purposes. All the individual PDFs were then merged into a single access PDF, enabling future researchers to navigate the entire journey of the university with ease. However, the work did not stop there. Using Excel, I organised a repository of information by meticulously entering data related to scanned issues into spreadsheets. Each entry documented the who, what, when, and where of every program. This information will be used to enhance online catalogue descriptions so that researchers can more easily discover these records. The meticulous digitisation process was not just about converting physical records into digital files but about preserving the history and making it accessible to a broader audience. The stories hidden within those aged pages will continue to inspire and educate generations to come.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiumWAHNLM4vf2Q4OBHFHVTfQXeakhPO0e8L6xxgrlswwFB2pdZpBaGAmwXWD9W-iZEXhA2cwuddD0Us0iWD2kJyRnZWEjA7SdAgrk0jR-k6Oa4DdFEqxBHY-3wsGKxCD1GXZLmyT_4qVDqXwuYZeLWB-0drOgGLn9bGpT-WOzx_I46HXzJB46JXjgccw/s4000/Montaha%20Abbas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiumWAHNLM4vf2Q4OBHFHVTfQXeakhPO0e8L6xxgrlswwFB2pdZpBaGAmwXWD9W-iZEXhA2cwuddD0Us0iWD2kJyRnZWEjA7SdAgrk0jR-k6Oa4DdFEqxBHY-3wsGKxCD1GXZLmyT_4qVDqXwuYZeLWB-0drOgGLn9bGpT-WOzx_I46HXzJB46JXjgccw/w300-h400/Montaha%20Abbas.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Me scanning one of the congregation programmes</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">Overview of the records</h3><p>The records I was asked to work on are historical congregation programs created to record the conferment of degrees since 1949, chronicling various events and activities associated with the university. These records contain a wealth of information, including comprehensive event details, such as dates, times, and locations of graduations, as well as the order of proceedings and ceremonial aspects of events. They also contain the names of graduates, their degrees, and degree classifications, as well as notable achievements of honorary degree recipients, students, and faculty members. While the older programmes do not have photographs, there is a separate collection of photographs of graduates, faculty, and ceremonies, offering a visual record of the university's history. The newer catalogues contain the same basic information but offer wider coverage, including statements from the Chancellor, the university's coat of arms, and biographies and photographs of honorary graduates.</p><p>The records offer a wealth of information and insights waiting to be uncovered. Researchers can use these programs to track the university's evolution over time and examine changes in ceremony formats, academic trends, and notable events. For individuals researching their family history, these programs can provide information about relatives who graduated from the university, including their names and graduation dates. Additionally, the programs can serve as educational resources and be integrated into educational materials to provide students with a tangible connection to historical events and figures.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHB2ecXogdkIk3j4qfNBNPFqTBhM1K6Z82BBkrEsHjQ-Psywpyc0JiK_aw5LR0jslseoR9thqkLq4FROd8zfT4UpM2f9duaeE8sABKJZkoTSjN_W_RJ4nTpcchuI5I1wEjNnKgJMtKNts96S1r0AgzJeyshg0nL28eNAR6KrnlgFcq6jNqJ8QBgz-xgg/s6257/U%20HU9-2-145%20(12).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4561" data-original-width="6257" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHB2ecXogdkIk3j4qfNBNPFqTBhM1K6Z82BBkrEsHjQ-Psywpyc0JiK_aw5LR0jslseoR9thqkLq4FROd8zfT4UpM2f9duaeE8sABKJZkoTSjN_W_RJ4nTpcchuI5I1wEjNnKgJMtKNts96S1r0AgzJeyshg0nL28eNAR6KrnlgFcq6jNqJ8QBgz-xgg/w400-h291/U%20HU9-2-145%20(12).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Example of a programme, showing my own graduation in July 2023!</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">Overview of the ceremonies</h3><div><p style="text-align: left;">Various locations have been utilised for the ceremonies over the years, with Hull City Hall being the most commonly used venue. This is due to its capacity and historical significance, making it perfect for larger ceremonies. On the other hand, Middleton Hall is reserved for smaller ceremonies or those that are closely associated with the university community. Additionally, some ceremonies are held at Assembly Hall the University and Lincoln Cathedral.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw2RbWi-QAGM7H6KrFxLleLjSKCs1Jvk582S68RJGy6-aKZWEIIU70odaUp0JzAg72zCcdbFb7CcfhKfyYSTVsr0ogzneH_3uXnhr04dAHVRmpwyzcvCGeituqPEdfLOUHFxf-Y395Ukh91SWg1EsurK2Fr88Pnrv1HqahtIa8p68NV7dIvV1TfaxiiQ/s3883/U%20PHO%20Album%20p51.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3108" data-original-width="3883" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw2RbWi-QAGM7H6KrFxLleLjSKCs1Jvk582S68RJGy6-aKZWEIIU70odaUp0JzAg72zCcdbFb7CcfhKfyYSTVsr0ogzneH_3uXnhr04dAHVRmpwyzcvCGeituqPEdfLOUHFxf-Y395Ukh91SWg1EsurK2Fr88Pnrv1HqahtIa8p68NV7dIvV1TfaxiiQ/w400-h320/U%20PHO%20Album%20p51.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photographs showing the first graduation ceremony, held 11 Feb 1950</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">The ceremonies at the University of Hull are very structured and typically begin with a procession of university officials, faculty members, and sometimes special guests. This procession marks the formal beginning of the event. After that, the Welcome Address is usually delivered, which sets the tone for the ceremony and expresses gratitude to attendees. Graduates are then presented with their degree certificates, symbolizing their academic achievements. Degree certificates are typically presented by university officials, such as the Vice-Chancellor, Dean of the Faculty, or other university dignitaries. In some cases, special guests or honorary degree recipients may also have the honor of presenting certificates. The ceremonies may also feature keynote speeches from notable individuals, which can provide inspiration and insight for graduates and attendees. Music often accompanies ceremonies, adding to the ambiance and creating memorable moments. The ceremony concludes with a recessional, where participants exit in a formal procession, marking the end of the event.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs2NR8Vbwyxkn-hJXIWTB6McJbsYDeu9s_NLsDvNI72PWdmuafU9yH3nUlmIdE6CE8RYq3sZ9OMv-M35MS1WKDxP7vhsLdj3Maf1iQgNsiGRP8aoJfpbSz5B8RrH_uPhSL07dxOwslitkJz_RDl9QSmIhzFanlXs44CY0nNGu815JER4lh77KOoGj10Q/s4880/U%20HU9-2-2%20(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4100" data-original-width="4880" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs2NR8Vbwyxkn-hJXIWTB6McJbsYDeu9s_NLsDvNI72PWdmuafU9yH3nUlmIdE6CE8RYq3sZ9OMv-M35MS1WKDxP7vhsLdj3Maf1iQgNsiGRP8aoJfpbSz5B8RrH_uPhSL07dxOwslitkJz_RDl9QSmIhzFanlXs44CY0nNGu815JER4lh77KOoGj10Q/w400-h336/U%20HU9-2-2%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Page showing the order of proceedings at the first ever graduation ceremony held as the University of Hull, 1955</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">Discovered</h3></div><div><p style="text-align: left;">Chancellors of Universities often serve as ceremonial heads and are typically prominent figures in academia, politics, or the community. It's interesting to note that chancellors can change over time, and their terms are usually limited. At the University of Hull, the lineage of chancellors starts with Lord Middleton in 1955, who marked the inception of a tradition that continues to this day. This was followed by Lord Cohen of Birkenhead in 1970, whose unique perspective coincided with a period of growth and change for the university. Lord Wilberforce assumed the position of Chancellor in 1978, and his service aligns with an era of innovation and development. Lord Armstrong's presence and contributions in 1994 left an enduring impact on the institution. Baroness Bottomley became the first female Chancellor in 2005, adding a new dimension to the university's history with her leadership and dedication. Baroness Bottomley was a trailblaser, she was a member of parliament in the House of Commons then became a member of House of Lords. Alan Johnson, the current chancellor, reflects the university's commitment to excellence and its link to the community, having previously served as a member of parliament for Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle. The line of chancellors at the University of Hull is truly impressive, representing a rich tapestry of academic leadership, community involvement, and visionary thinking. Each chancellor has left a lasting impact on the institution, contributing to its growth and shaping its journey through time. When we explore the historical programs and records of the university, we can see the lasting impact of each chancellor's contribution. They have conducted ceremonies, conferred degrees, and added their unique touch to the academic and cultural traditions of the University of Hull. Their contributions are truly remarkable and continue to be celebrated, serving as a testament to the enduring connection between the past and the present at this venerable institution.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQADjkLiDyADUlP9CE9fzWk6T8D1G3Ay69IqCi-8PCYK_rpfL_c5aBMPyJhxq_4EwzLJQ43wp2lhOzX_zws_0ncsmE0iJaogZLb6psKMJSICQmPPuvkTAehq1cW2uIA4w4pTNJoA4grwDtU-V63fhcewg9G8C_pCBsxcll22xrc4hdAyug0SN03Wj_g/s6874/U%20HU9-3-1%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4878" data-original-width="6874" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQADjkLiDyADUlP9CE9fzWk6T8D1G3Ay69IqCi-8PCYK_rpfL_c5aBMPyJhxq_4EwzLJQ43wp2lhOzX_zws_0ncsmE0iJaogZLb6psKMJSICQmPPuvkTAehq1cW2uIA4w4pTNJoA4grwDtU-V63fhcewg9G8C_pCBsxcll22xrc4hdAyug0SN03Wj_g/w400-h284/U%20HU9-3-1%20(1).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Programme recording the installation of Lord Middleton as the first Chancellor of the University of Hull, 1955</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">The programme showcases the various honorary graduands and provides relevant information about them. By highlighting the achievements of these individuals, the university acknowledges and celebrates their exceptional contributions to different fields. It is a tradition that has been carried forward for years, making it an integral part of the university. The stories of these honorary graduands serve as a reminder of the power of human ingenuity and the pursuit of knowledge. I found the profiles of Katherine Bellingham and Dr Colin Michael Foale CBE particularly interesting from the earlier programmes. These two were conferred with honorary Doctor of Science degrees and they serve as an ongoing source of inspiration for students and the broader academic community. They have achieved remarkable success and recognition in their respective fields, making them exceptional role models for future generations. Their stories inspire others to explore the possibilities of science and space exploration, and encourage them to pursue their dreams with dedication and passion.</p><p style="text-align: left;">I came across the inspiring story of Katherine Bellingham while reviewing our historical programs. Kate Bellingham is a trailblazer in the field of science with an impressive background and diverse accomplishments. Her life journey is a testament to the power of hard work, learning, and embracing different roles. Kate's career has been varied and multifaceted, including work as a computer programmer, broadcast engineer, IV and radio presenter, math teacher, and National Careers Coordinator for STEM. Currently, she serves as the Director of STEM Innovation for the Gazelle Colleges Group, where she contributes significantly to the promotion of STEM education. Kate is a prime example of lifelong learning, as evidenced by her pursuit of an MSc in Electronic Communication Systems and Grade 8 Singing qualification in 2012. Apart from her professional life, Kate is an active member of her local community, participating in amateur theatre, choirs, and opera groups. Her passion for the arts and commitment to contributing to local cultural endeavors is admirable. Kate Bellingham's story is a source of inspiration, showcasing the remarkable potential of individuals to excel in diverse fields, promote STEM education, engage with the community, and continue learning throughout life.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSa9EeHEfVceS4g8z2UHsPKCIZiRNaLH5gAkHNE8QZeYhgTAtmjlNXdas0D4JhBrifxcjXZIFaUXDHVebAW-Z1bJ71UYb8VkxYWviPwlqYf1-BChTGRKRZPVZn0W2FxZ0MPRq_EwlJBORhhl0lBsv3AAfS0Otx1pn0aXZ-tajV9ldJgybqt0wkjOp2FQ/s3089/U%20HU9-2-135%20(9)%20Kate%20Bellingham.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1801" data-original-width="3089" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSa9EeHEfVceS4g8z2UHsPKCIZiRNaLH5gAkHNE8QZeYhgTAtmjlNXdas0D4JhBrifxcjXZIFaUXDHVebAW-Z1bJ71UYb8VkxYWviPwlqYf1-BChTGRKRZPVZn0W2FxZ0MPRq_EwlJBORhhl0lBsv3AAfS0Otx1pn0aXZ-tajV9ldJgybqt0wkjOp2FQ/w400-h234/U%20HU9-2-135%20(9)%20Kate%20Bellingham.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Extract from Summer 2014 programme showing a short biography of Kate Bellingham</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">Dr. Mike Foale is a British-American an astrophysicist and former NASA astronaut who has made significant contributions to space exploration and STEM education. He holds a Ph.D. in laboratory astrophysics from Queens College, Cambridge, and has an impressive space career, having been a veteran of six space shuttle missions and a Soyuz mission. Dr. Foale commanded the International Space Station (ISS) and holds the distinction of being the first Briton to perform a spacewalk. During this mission, he replaced vital components required to repair the Hubble Space Telescope. He also established a new cumulative time-in-space record for a UK citizen, spending 374 days, 11 hours, and 19 minutes in space. After retiring from NASA in 2013, Dr. Foale was inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in recognition of his significant and enduring contributions to space exploration. Dr. Foale's commitment to supporting STEM education is evident through his engagement with young people, sharing his experiences as a scientist in space to inspire the next generation of scientists and astronauts. The journey of Dr. Mike Foale serves as a testament to human achievement and the limitless possibilities of space exploration. His exceptional contributions to space, along with his dedication to STEM education, make him an inspiring figure and a valuable role model for aspiring scientists and explorers.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ9sqoUvBH4eaOMqfC3UruxPMpalpjVvGqWH7Qt43J0haWHL9JDx4Hfj0u3lzWf842jWgZpRZoyfsAMwNQwdRDGjeazixmy2GtqMcZATPQFqsFuWwompt8hA9voNRPVnkZgii55aSuiX7hjsOGsqyIb8Ag_QZVKJc9L3XXqsF40Qghsg9KWP0k1fnSPQ/s3041/U%20HU9-2-144%20(8)%20Colin%20Michael%20Foale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1905" data-original-width="3041" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ9sqoUvBH4eaOMqfC3UruxPMpalpjVvGqWH7Qt43J0haWHL9JDx4Hfj0u3lzWf842jWgZpRZoyfsAMwNQwdRDGjeazixmy2GtqMcZATPQFqsFuWwompt8hA9voNRPVnkZgii55aSuiX7hjsOGsqyIb8Ag_QZVKJc9L3XXqsF40Qghsg9KWP0k1fnSPQ/w400-h250/U%20HU9-2-144%20(8)%20Colin%20Michael%20Foale.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Extract from Winter 2019 graduation programme showing a short biography of Mike Foale</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">According to our records, the first honorary graduands were in 1956 and included Brian Westerdale Downs, who made an honorary Doctor of Letters, Harold Ivens Loten, who was awarded a Doctorate of Law, and S. Meggitt, who was conferred with a Master of Arts.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Conclusion</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Our exploration through the historical programs of the University of Hull has been an enthralling journey into a rich and storied past. We've celebrated excellence, innovation, and inspiration, from the celebrated Chancellors who have graced the university's ceremonies to the remarkable individuals recognized as honorary graduands. These pages connect us with a legacy that is ever-evolving yet firmly anchored in the enduring values of education and exploration, bridging time to remind us of the importance of learning from the past. As we reflect on the history and traditions captured in these programs, we celebrate the legacy of the University of Hull, an institution that continues to shape the minds of future leaders and explorers. These programs serve as a bridge between the past, present, and future, reminding us of the enduring values of education, exploration, and the pursuit of knowledge.</p><p style="text-align: left;">My internship at Hull University Archives was more than just a job. It was a journey of rediscovery that deepened my connection to the university and its rich history. My task was not only to digitize these historical programs but also to make their content more accessible and discoverable to researchers. I approached this task with enthusiasm, using a range of techniques and tools to ensure that each catalogue entry became a treasure trove of historical information. </p><p style="text-align: left;">This internship taught me the importance of independent work and quick problem-solving, and it was a profound learning experience that honed my skills in the use of professional digitization equipment and software. At Hull History Centre, I discovered more than just an institution; I found a welcoming home and a family. The people here define the essence of this institution, with their warmth and kindness creating an environment where work flourishes. The staff here go above and beyond their administrative duties, their kindness knows no bounds, and their passion for preserving and sharing the past is infectious.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><i>Montaha Abbas (Digitisation and Outreach Intern, 2023)</i></p></div><div><br /></div>Claire Weatherallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981310806601680841noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-18311000958128492632023-10-31T10:30:00.008+00:002023-11-06T09:29:55.672+00:00The mystery surrounding the haunting of No. 18 Argyle Terrace<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">A
regular enquiry we receive at the Hull History Centre is that concerning spooky
goings on. For most it tends to relate a house or property. Frequent questions include: </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">what was on the site prior?</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Did someone live/die there?</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Whether
you believe in the supernatural or not, people have for centuries reported
strange occurrences, many of which continue to intrigue amateur ghost hunters,
paranormal investigators, psychologists, parapsychologists, and those in
forensic psychology to this day.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Hull
has its share of alleged supernatural accounts and reputed hauntings across the
city. In this blog we revisit the reported haunting of No. 18 Argyle Terrace,
Argyle Street and shed light on this alleged haunting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
haunting <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
October 1969, the Hull Daily Mail ran a front-page story in which it reported a
mother and her six children lived in terror, claiming a ghost of an old women
roamed their terraced house. The house was No.18 Argyle Terrace, Argyle Street.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br /></span></i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7LmuBbWCwUWG5eaNA6-YeQxK2furyvuLcyouaqfsYb0LdA4dNSckPRh47HMWtXqaoVi9zm9Lq3oZO2TwG2ig8EgP_7T6ZiSeAbaVOiQxZwff1wC4TUjM4HpCbrGZvbZHnNpCW_y-eQ2yZU8u7CNybkHh0BhvLbKC9cSvUp3spZqjjBrKNFh_SBQU/s3083/THD.3.221.17%20%2014%20Argyle%20Street%2017.04.1973.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3083" data-original-width="2038" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7LmuBbWCwUWG5eaNA6-YeQxK2furyvuLcyouaqfsYb0LdA4dNSckPRh47HMWtXqaoVi9zm9Lq3oZO2TwG2ig8EgP_7T6ZiSeAbaVOiQxZwff1wC4TUjM4HpCbrGZvbZHnNpCW_y-eQ2yZU8u7CNybkHh0BhvLbKC9cSvUp3spZqjjBrKNFh_SBQU/w265-h400/THD.3.221.17%20%2014%20Argyle%20Street%2017.04.1973.tif" width="265" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Argyle Terrace, 17 Apr 1973 <br />[Ref: C THD/3/221/17]</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">It
was claimed the ghost caused a sudden drop in temperature, pulled the children,
bruised a new-born baby, and touched the neighbours. The ghostly occurrences
appeared to centre around the 13-year-old daughter, who had seen the ghost - an
old woman - and even recognised her. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Trouble
began shortly before the Hull Daily Mail broke the story. Initially, banging came
from upstairs of the property. The banging, put down to children was soon
dispelled when the children quickly came downstairs terrified, claiming they’d
seen an old woman. Over the following days banging and strange and noises
continued. A medium visited the property, but this was said to have only made
things worse. The family described it like being followed, with a sudden drop
in temperature. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">A
neighbour in nearby Wycliffe Grove who had spent time with the family at the
property described the coldness and a presence. On one occasion a neighbour
felt something move through him.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Explanation(s)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
simplest explanation is there was no haunting. The children were playing a
prank which simply got out of hand. It is not the first time this type of thing
has happened. The famous Enfield haunting is believed to have been a hoax. The
explanation for such a hoax at Argyle Terrace is the family were after a new
home and the whole haunting was made up to facilitate a move. Interestingly, the
children’s father claimed not to have witnessed or sensed anything. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Another
theory to the alleged haunting was its location. Argyle Street was once home to
the Old Hull Borough Asylum. Argyle Street originally called Asylum Lane, was
home to the Old Borough Asylum. The asylum however was located further north,
occupying the space somewhere between what is now Wyndam Street and the western
tip of Londesborough Street, rather than the area of Argyle Terrace or indeed
any of the adjoining terraces.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
closest to an actual explanation put forward was shortly after the story
broke by an unnamed woman claiming that as a young child, aged 14, she cleaned
for an old lady at No. 18 Argyle Terrace, fifty years earlier. She recalled the
lady who she named as Mrs Sellers, wore a shawl. A shawl was described by the thirteen-year-old
daughter who said she’d seen the old lady in a chair. The letter went on claiming
Mrs. Sellers husband died shortly after their marriage. The person who sent the
letter did not name themselves. The only thing known about the letter is that
it was posted in Hull. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br /></span></i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL1ED34KZ89q9xwM6QBSAME0x2hB824VXY3q1IXZM7ugxFVelbODAvYq-QFDFJ5PyNoMg2ieNVQjhpVqVQdYEgYg0MHWhbbteNTfvSzANEKExnYx7Efi_VjhJt_VawHtnT8q4TmG7KXl7DpGtr7_vrM3G7r1WCSrm7nC_xrauil0CQwyLZH7N3y1A/s4580/1590.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4580" data-original-width="3304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL1ED34KZ89q9xwM6QBSAME0x2hB824VXY3q1IXZM7ugxFVelbODAvYq-QFDFJ5PyNoMg2ieNVQjhpVqVQdYEgYg0MHWhbbteNTfvSzANEKExnYx7Efi_VjhJt_VawHtnT8q4TmG7KXl7DpGtr7_vrM3G7r1WCSrm7nC_xrauil0CQwyLZH7N3y1A/w289-h400/1590.jpg" width="289" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unidentified court, New George Street c.1890s-c1930. Note the two ladies wearing shawls which was not usual for the period<br />[Ref: L THP/1590]</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">This
information was checked after the Mail reported it. Directories for 18 Argyle Terrace
did not record a Sellers listed at 18 Argyle Terrace. Interestingly, a George
and Charlotte Sellers were recorded living in the next terrace, Wycliffe Grove,
at number 8. This George and Charlotte married in 1907. At the time of marriage
both were in the later years of their lives. At the time the young girl said
she had been cleaning, Charlotte Sellers would have been aged sixty. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">There
are however a couple of discrepancies. Firstly, the address. This Charlotte
Sellers did not live at 18 Argyle Terrace. The writer also described Mrs.
Sellers as about 80, when in fact she was around 60. And thirdly, the letter
claimed Mrs. Sellers lost her husband just after their married, but in fact he died thirteen
years after their marriage. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">This
said, we must remember the reputed letter writer was aged fourteen at the time
they claimed they worked for Mrs. Sellers. An individual aged sixty may look
aged eighty to younger eyes. And although Mrs. Sellers lost her husband 13
years after her marriage, the young girl may have been told her husband died
recently which is where the confusion lies. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Another
interesting comparison to the Charlotte Sellers of Wyncliffe Grove is that she
did live alone after her husband’s death. The 1911 census reveals that George
and Charlotte Sellers had no children. Using the register of electors, no other
individual was listed living at 8 Wycliffe Grove. The 1939 register reveals Charlotte
Sellers living alone at 8 Wycliffe Grove. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br /></span></i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh28eUYgRQcDMDgbLnA1dZ_tRfFs4aELNBOJ3lX1itEram0_htzWJ7bBvif1qgWKCD6JUWNOO5ffOKcfV3Nlf1eLLfCEe2y_Ehu0Dil9L4UOsWXuNc5q_4NT9cf7iX_mo7rhto2HM_YCRO9CzjdCJfREaTseR-wOYCsWnUhKOpS9IclNLs4t7WVqyc/s3099/THD.3.221.21%20%208-7-6%20Wycliffe%20Grove%20Argyle%20Street%2017.04.1973.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3099" data-original-width="1987" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh28eUYgRQcDMDgbLnA1dZ_tRfFs4aELNBOJ3lX1itEram0_htzWJ7bBvif1qgWKCD6JUWNOO5ffOKcfV3Nlf1eLLfCEe2y_Ehu0Dil9L4UOsWXuNc5q_4NT9cf7iX_mo7rhto2HM_YCRO9CzjdCJfREaTseR-wOYCsWnUhKOpS9IclNLs4t7WVqyc/w256-h400/THD.3.221.21%20%208-7-6%20Wycliffe%20Grove%20Argyle%20Street%2017.04.1973.tif" width="256" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nos. 5, 6, 7 & 8 Wyncliffe Grove, 17 Apr 1973<br />[Ref: C THD/3/221/21]</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Charlotte
died on 24 January 1945 aged eighty-six. Her death notice simply noted, ‘loving
wife of the late George’. Later that year the Hull Daily Mail published a
notice from Gosschalk and Austin, Solicitor’s, asking for persons to come
forward who have a claim to the estate of Charlotte Sellers, late of 8 Wycliffe
Grove, further suggesting that Charlotte Sellers had no family, further corroborating
the letter which recalled Mrs. Sellers as having no family.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">If
the letter is indeed recalling Charlotte Sellers of 8 Wycliffe Grove, though
well intended, it is difficult to see how it has a link to the alleged haunting
at 18 Argyle Terrace. The writer may have simply got confused. Easily done when
looking back over 50 years through a child’s 14-year memory. And while the
description of Mrs. Sellers wearing a shawl appears to match, shawls were
common attire for women at the time. As for the 13-year-old daughter who was
said to have recognised the women, Charlotte Sellers died in 1945, therefore the
daughter could not have known her. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Sadly,
the History Centre records cannot prove whether 18 Argyle Terrace was indeed
haunted. The existence of ghosts or spirits has not been scientifically proven.
All we can do is look at the evidence and conclude that the letter explaining
the reputed haunting of 18 Argyle Terrace by a Mrs. Sellers cannot be true.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
the early 1970s Argyle Terrace and those adjoining were demolished by the
Corporation. The site is now the main carpark by Argyle Street for the Hull
Royal Infirmary. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Our
holdings</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Remember
the History Centre has books on Hull, East Riding, and some wider Yorkshire
hauntings. You can search our information index under ‘Ghosts’ to look at other
local reported and reputed hauntings. You can uncover the history of your
house, or the land its sits on. The History Centre holds maps for Hull. There
is free access to <i>FindMyPast </i>and <i>Ancestry</i>. Trade directories are
available as too are the registers of electors for Hull. We also have original house
plans for properties in Hull.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Neil
Chadwick</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist <o:p></o:p></span></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-45545469044727912812023-10-11T15:32:00.000+01:002023-10-11T15:32:52.658+01:00Introducing the University Records Project<p>Ever wanted to know more about the history of the University of Hull? Well that’s the focus of a new cataloguing project here at Hull History Centre. </p><p>This is the first post in a project blog series which will track Hull University Archives’ epic quest to get ready for the University’s centenary in 2027. That gives us three and a half years, which should be enough, right… (mildly panicked tone)?!</p><p>We’re aiming for at least one post a month and we hope you’ll follow our progress. We’ve also got a project webpage where we’ll be posting news and lists of recently catalogued collections as they are released or updated.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifgvSkWE41nNLQegzfBBUqS9RLLEXZcSDTBq5IToyjwxL4SbYgrWESD9NtppNz5UF4Ld90B3hR6Cb0WGVREpzsGadDAyaKMqssXlZbACeCYcM3_KPiIPdjWoEkHdscApoNyCJph3JQRBIX2wN9W8vZxbyIuRgUfslu5cy9kBosOmFHWxEceyyep7-t_g/s1675/Project%20webpage.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Screenshot of project webpage" border="0" data-original-height="971" data-original-width="1675" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifgvSkWE41nNLQegzfBBUqS9RLLEXZcSDTBq5IToyjwxL4SbYgrWESD9NtppNz5UF4Ld90B3hR6Cb0WGVREpzsGadDAyaKMqssXlZbACeCYcM3_KPiIPdjWoEkHdscApoNyCJph3JQRBIX2wN9W8vZxbyIuRgUfslu5cy9kBosOmFHWxEceyyep7-t_g/w400-h233/Project%20webpage.png" title="Screenshot of project webpage" width="400" /></a><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk/about-us/current-projects/University-Records-Project.aspx">Project webpage</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">The task at hand…</h3><p>We’ve known the centenary was coming for some time now and we knew that the University would want to celebrate. Last year, things seemed to pick up on campus – a few appointments were made to support centenary efforts within the wider university, and Hull University Archives started to receive initial enquiries about what we hold that could be useful.</p><p>Whilst we know roughly what University records we have (photographic collection, VC’s files, annual reports, minutes of council, senate and committees, etc.), these collections are largely uncatalogued. Separate to these key records, we have lots of small collections documenting individual departments, societies and personalities associated with the University. In some cases, box lists exist and can provide a rough overview of what is in these collections, but for the most part we face the exciting challenge of uncovering the details! With this in mind, we need to undertake some major cataloguing work if we are going to be able to respond to requests from elsewhere in the University in the run up to 2027.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyqCz4AbqXqoPpGzXaTuYxyExctqkObAt7HuIX719XG0o-UgJ0Z4NBTJJ3DJeQ_WbBpstPd0XTYlhhaQR4eYzMkISsRMaPxCL03BtR4T-LiAVLx0cdC2zgY4-XftS-vP1sb5GLtqhe1Jp40xRUJFIf2696YaHXdh-ibq2NEcHQviuOXtBUk3op8VWzg/s2500/01%20The%20Official%20Opening%20of%20the%20College%20by%20Prince%20George.%20The%20.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1952" data-original-width="2500" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyqCz4AbqXqoPpGzXaTuYxyExctqkObAt7HuIX719XG0o-UgJ0Z4NBTJJ3DJeQ_WbBpstPd0XTYlhhaQR4eYzMkISsRMaPxCL03BtR4T-LiAVLx0cdC2zgY4-XftS-vP1sb5GLtqhe1Jp40xRUJFIf2696YaHXdh-ibq2NEcHQviuOXtBUk3op8VWzg/w400-h313/01%20The%20Official%20Opening%20of%20the%20College%20by%20Prince%20George.%20The%20.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />Photograph showing Principal Morgan, Thomas Ferens, H.R.H. Prince George (later Duke of Kent), and Lord Mayor Benno Pearlman at the official opening of the University College of Hull, 10 Oct 1929</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">How we’ve ended up here…</h3><p>Historically, the University Archives focused on cataloguing and making available our large deposited collections, as these are widely used by academics and other researchers, from Hull and all over the world. This meant that our own institutional records were not always the top priority. But with the centenary focusing everyone's minds, we decided that now was the time to tackle our own history.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">So, where to start…</h3><p>In July 2023 we began the mammoth task of tackling the backlog of uncatalogued records that have been created by the University of Hull since its foundation in 1927. We’re not going to lie, this is a daunting task that fills us with a not insignificant amount of dread!</p><p>Instead of panicking and ignoring the problem, we decided to tackle it head on. The first step was to do some digging and bring together everything we had that might help us. We started by searching out any and all box lists, old half-finished catalogues, collections management spreadsheets, etc. This was largely a desk-based exercise. We created new folders and sorted everything into one main storage location. </p><p>Armed with this information, we created a master collections management spreadsheet. We included columns to record information about each collection, information such as physical location, whether any box lists exist, accession numbers (records of when material came into the archives), previously assigned reference numbers, extent of material in linear meters, rough contents (where known), and whether any descriptive records have already been created in our collections management database.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCPizAZVsh7Hr_zxCHSUcPyBHwtQpCPCbxhY3dfzCLckICXtOW68eAQxaG1xByxr20_5LIrkU3m1AD1GC7-o32UJFdbSFe7xsg__WVdv-3Ov6w_XIKaVJ3iN6ce7Nytlhe0GqOReYlza_7eRWsFWSHwBcSq8gwGVlKvKLsRqlunXmy7TdlZ02yUE3jpA/s1677/CMS.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1007" data-original-width="1677" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCPizAZVsh7Hr_zxCHSUcPyBHwtQpCPCbxhY3dfzCLckICXtOW68eAQxaG1xByxr20_5LIrkU3m1AD1GC7-o32UJFdbSFe7xsg__WVdv-3Ov6w_XIKaVJ3iN6ce7Nytlhe0GqOReYlza_7eRWsFWSHwBcSq8gwGVlKvKLsRqlunXmy7TdlZ02yUE3jpA/w400-h240/CMS.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />Our new master collections management spreadsheet, ready to go!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>As you can see, there are a lot of blanks that need to be filled. Taking the time to do this work early on will make future stages of the project much easier.</p><p>Next, we needed to create an intellectual framework (known as a cataloguing schema) into which we could sort the different records we hold. Doing this gives structure to large collections and helps researchers make sense of them.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">What archival theory tells us… </h3><p>The usual approach, according to archival theory, is to take an organisational structure chart and replicate this using a hierarchical system of reference numbers. You can then slot in individual series of records according to the area under which they were created. For example:</p><p></p><blockquote><p>DBX – Records of Business X </p><p>DBX/1 – Records of CEO and Board</p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/1/1 – Governance Documents</span></p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/1/2 – Correspondence Files</span></p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/1/3 – Minutes</span></p><p>DBX/2 – Records of Human Resources</p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/2/1 – Personnel Files</span></p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/2/2 – Policies and Guidance</span></p><p>DBX/3 – Records of Marketing</p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/3/1 – Publicity Material</span></p><p><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DBX/3/2 – Subject Files</span></p></blockquote><p><span style="white-space: normal;"></span></p><p>When we did our desk-based survey, we discovered that past attempts had been made to create a cataloguing schema for existing University material but that these had all ended up discarded and unfinished. It’s a complex task to devise a framework that accurately reflects the structure of an organisation like a university, which can evolve over time. A quick, hypothetical example:</p><p></p><blockquote>Research institute X is opened as a self-governing entity. The University then changes its funding model and the institute is subsumed into a department. Its core functions continue but it is now overseen by the department’s governance structure. The records created to record the institute’s activities span a period covering both the institute and the departmental periods. Where do you situate this single series of records to most accurately reflect organisational structure – an ‘institutes’ series or a ‘academic departments’ series? Would you split it? Not if you want to retain the archival integrity of the series.</blockquote><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Our approach…</h3><p>We revisited these past attempts and tried to puzzle it all out. After much headbanging, we decided to do away with complex organisational charts and half-workable schemas, opting for a slightly off-the-wall solution: we wouldn’t bother creating a structure at all! Instead, we decided to use a running sequence of reference numbers, cataloguing the different collections one after the other and in no particular order.</p><p>‘Woah’, we hear you say, ‘that’s madness!’. Don’t worry, we have an alternative plan to bring it all together so that researchers have a hope of understanding what records the University has created. We plan to clearly outline the administrative and functional context of each set of records in the usual collection description that sits at the beginning of an archive catalogue. </p><p>Additionally, we are developing a research guide, to be hosted on the website, that will include a URL back to the guide from each individual collection catalogue uploaded to our online catalogue. The guide will provide a more traditional overview of the University and will list individual collections under pages dedicated to functional themes. By doing this, we can mention the same collection under multiple thematic headings, thus solving our headscratcher above and ensuring that researchers can find all relevant records without us tampering with the archival integrity of individual collections.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Future proofing…</h3><p>Another benefit to this approach is that it allows for future expansion of the collections. With a running sequence we can simply keep adding new collection references and we can slot new collections into the accompanying research guide. </p><p>Fellow archivist colleagues may call us mavericks but we think we now have a workable approach! </p><p>So, that was our summer. We’ve laid the groundwork and now we can get cracking….</p><p><i>Claire Weatherall, Archivist (Hull University Archives)</i></p>Claire Weatherallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981310806601680841noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-40925439028417382672023-09-05T10:30:00.024+01:002023-09-05T10:30:00.136+01:00Hull in the 1920s<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">To
coincide with the release of the 1921 census here at the History Centre, we thought we’d take the opportunity to
showcase some of our holdings relating to the 1920s, which was a period of great change in the social and political landscape of Hull as well as the rest of the country. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Beginning
of the decade<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">As
the new decade ushered in, experiences of the Great War left a lasting impact
across the whole of British Society. Some were too young to remember the Great
War, whilst others simply wanted to escape the horrors of the conflict. As a result,
many felt compelled to enjoy life to the full.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Recreation
and leisure<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Although
the origins of recreation and leisure have their roots in the 19th century for
the working class, these activities gathered pace in the 1920s. In Hull cinemas
began to pop up or be licensed, with theatres altered to accommodate the golden
age of cinema. The Savoy on the corner of Holderness Road and Morrill Street opened
in 1923. The Cecil, Carlton, Waterloo and Londesborough theatres became licensed
theatres during the decade, while the Tivoli on Paragon Street became a cinema in
1929.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hull
born Dorothy Mackaill began her acting career from 1920. Born in Sculcoates in
1903, Dorothy Mackaill found her fame during the silent film era and featured
in almost 50 films during the 1920s.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9dMaNNRBkicZRO7MLJZNhvQFd2CYkS5gocWwrIiGAGeXHFiJHYicDVSKJZG1nscHjvU-cRaaKJ9bWKLhWYsKgg_JRmge692iQLh8JH5tQH_Ntm6v1CUr0ohvgcILYksdsZQ3pVaK-6roT3wyspjxmPmVrDvNF6m-7V7OpL58KxqSZlzathdKHVFP87w/s4032/Lp.920%20MACK-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9dMaNNRBkicZRO7MLJZNhvQFd2CYkS5gocWwrIiGAGeXHFiJHYicDVSKJZG1nscHjvU-cRaaKJ9bWKLhWYsKgg_JRmge692iQLh8JH5tQH_Ntm6v1CUr0ohvgcILYksdsZQ3pVaK-6roT3wyspjxmPmVrDvNF6m-7V7OpL58KxqSZlzathdKHVFP87w/w300-h400/Lp.920%20MACK-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dorothy Mackaill <br />[Ref: Lp.920 MACK/1]</td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Seaside
getaways had been popular since the 17th century, though this was exclusively for
the well to do, usually prescribed by a doctor or physician to take in the sea
air, spars and cold waters of places like Scarborough and later Brighton.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">In
the 1920s commercial flights were in operation, yet for most families, particular
the working classes, a trip to the seaside would have been their family holiday.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">For those from Hull, Withernsea, Hornsea, Bridlington,
Filey or perhaps Scarborough would have been the most common resorts visited.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwsKo1VhhlHN9iWvMMAHdR01jdSb1DRXYO1caQwdbWjLA20rZIBOG8I0Rng5n4oELHg0G4t_AeGglpjLr04Qlj4OZjNbN87L3ZjDmQXRgTthoWPu0Vi6xxl91zv5uEp2-Bda3OfVX7wdZPL_h-zlNycHlMlNrA7gAvyvZheDSCRF6H1Il9HHJ4aTsA0Q/s4111/L%209.54%208%20Scarborough%20Sands%20South%20Shore.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1268" data-original-width="4111" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwsKo1VhhlHN9iWvMMAHdR01jdSb1DRXYO1caQwdbWjLA20rZIBOG8I0Rng5n4oELHg0G4t_AeGglpjLr04Qlj4OZjNbN87L3ZjDmQXRgTthoWPu0Vi6xxl91zv5uEp2-Bda3OfVX7wdZPL_h-zlNycHlMlNrA7gAvyvZheDSCRF6H1Il9HHJ4aTsA0Q/w640-h198/L%209.54%208%20Scarborough%20Sands%20South%20Shore.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scarborough's South Bay from Smith's photograph album <br />[Ref: L.9.54/8]</td></tr></tbody></table><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">1926
General Strike</span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
decade wasn’t without its challenges. Heavy domestic use of coal during the war
had depleted Britain’s stocks, and the resulting cost of living had a profound
affect. The 1926 Dock Strike in Hull affected around 8,000 of Hull’s dock workers.
Further difficult economic conditions, particularly wage reductions led to the
General Strike of 1926. Hull, like elsewhere around the country was affected.
Heavy industry and transport went on strike, which led to many walking or
community by bike. Trains ground to a halt. Cargo in the docks was affected, particularly
fruit. While some managed to be transported via road, the bult remained at Hull
docks to rot.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Social
and political change <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
decade is known as the ‘roaring twenties’, a time of nightclubs, and jazz clubs
when the Charleston and Lindy Hop developed. However, the 1920s were also a
decade of huge social and political change. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Families
tended to be smaller compared to their Victorian counterparts, on average three
to four children.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Kr0TGSf7vC5k-q-OGJF_aqHxx91dVB4qKxkz-ZK1yuj0Bm6Be1oZyvOAog92dwZgDXIuRrrPrHHJIJhC6Cf3VpyYYuepjcPY1io6pL_99NJ2TsLioCpkTIJgubvy-svqvDieRBfFsyqNVwB4KCyAZ0EssQ2wND12rtsVLED1vNCjCSq-WCF_m4HLeQ/s1612/137%20Garden%20Village.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1612" data-original-width="1065" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Kr0TGSf7vC5k-q-OGJF_aqHxx91dVB4qKxkz-ZK1yuj0Bm6Be1oZyvOAog92dwZgDXIuRrrPrHHJIJhC6Cf3VpyYYuepjcPY1io6pL_99NJ2TsLioCpkTIJgubvy-svqvDieRBfFsyqNVwB4KCyAZ0EssQ2wND12rtsVLED1vNCjCSq-WCF_m4HLeQ/w264-h400/137%20Garden%20Village.tif" width="264" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Edwardian family outside their property in Garden Village <br />[Ref: L RH/1/137]</td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Education
was free and compulsory to those aged 5, regardless of social status. However,
most left school aged 14.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
Workers’ Education Association had been founded in 1903 with the aim of
extending education to workers. The Hull branch was established in 1926. Such organisations
allowed workers to attend classes, which prior to this, had not been possible.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
final years of the 1920s saw voting rights for women extended to those aged 21
and over, putting them on a level par with their male counterparts. It would
however be another 40 years before the 1969 Representation of People Act
reduced the voting age to 18 for both men and women.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">For
many women the war had provided employment in the factories giving them a wage,
and with-it independence. Women became more confident and empowered, affording
them a greater degree of freedom. New fashions developed. Hair and dresses were
shorter. For women smoking became fashionable, as too did drinking. You could
say ‘Girl Power’ had arrived long before the Spice Girls.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
1920s saw comics becoming available to children. Hull’s most famous comic
illustrator, Ern Shaw created several comic characters during his early career
in the 1920s. These were the predecessors to his most famous comic characters,
The Dingbats from the 1940s. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Timeline</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1920</b>
- Several housing projects began during the decade, including along Holderness
Road, the continuation of Lorraine Street and Preston Road</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1921</b>
- Hull’s population was 295,000</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1923</b>
– The first 200 properties completed on Preston Road</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1924</b>
- First Hull Dock Strike</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1925</b>
– the Hull branch of The Cyclists’ Touring Club founded and Prime Minster Lloyd
George visits Hull</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1926</b>
– Hull branch of the Workers’ Educational Association founded and second Hull
Dock Strike</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1927</b>
– The Ferens Art Gallery opens, replacing St. John’s Church that stood on the
site previously</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1928</b>
– Voting extended to all women aged 21 and over</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>1931</b> - Hull’s population surpassed 309,000, its largest population to date<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Neil Chadwick, </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist </span></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-84931881701511028962023-08-08T10:30:00.049+01:002023-08-22T09:08:37.960+01:00Adventures of Captain William Cummins of Hull<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">On
this day in 1475 William Cummins set sail from Hull aboard the </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Rainbow</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">
with a crew of twenty-three. His destination was North Africa in which goods
such as ivory, gold would be traded for gunpower, pistols and fighting axes
However, shortly after reaching Cape Palms, the crew broke into munity.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">What
inspired this voyage was a misfortunate event which led to William Cummins
crossing paths with notorious pirate of the day, Captain Jinks. Jinks had been
a menace to merchant shipping in the North Sea, capturing any vessel he could.
This led to The King (Edward IV) sending two ships to finally intercept Jinks
and bring him to justice. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">As
a young man, Cummins was looked up to his uncle who had gone to sea. Cummins
was apprenticed to Thomas Kingsley, a master mariner of Hull. It was aboard the
<i>Speedy</i>, a costal vessel that William got his first taste of life at sea.
Unfortunately, the <i>Speedy</i> foundered off Heligoland. All hands were lost,
except for Cummings and an old sailor named Michael Shepherd. Keeping
themselves afloat by clinging on to a piece of the wrecked <i>Speedy</i>,
William and Shepherd were picked up by the <i>Tyger</i>, commanded by Captain
Jinks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Soon
the two ships dispatched by King Henry were upon the <i>Tyger</i> and a battle
ensued. All but Jinks, William and Shepherd abandoned the <i>Tyger</i>. Faced
with little hope of escape, Jinks took the decision to blow up the <i>Tyger</i>
by setting fire to the power stores aboard. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
decision was made to load the last boat with what supplies they could carry. Also,
to be loaded on the boat was a heavy box that Jinks attached great value too. </span>As
the boat was lowered below, Jinks ordered Cummins and Shepherd to get in. Jinks
also got in the boat but not before setting light to the <i>Tyger’s</i> power
room. Jinks, Cummins, and Shepherd were a couple hundred yards away when the <i>Tyger</i>
exploded. Jinks’s actions were to be his last. The explosion propelled an
object into the air, presumably a part of the <i>Tyger</i> which struck Jinks
on the head killing him instantly.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Cummins
and Shepherd managed to avoid the King’s ships and snook away. Landing at
Penzance they made their way back to Hull. Both never spoke about their
encounter with Jinks, instead declaring they’d been spared from the <i>Speedy</i>, wandering Europe before
securing a passage back to Hull. With Jinks’s booty Cummins found it hard to
resist the temptation for more, and on 8 August 1475 he sailed for North Africa
board the <i>Rainbow</i>. With him was his old crew mate, Michael Shepherd. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">It
was whilst Cummins and Shepherd were trading with the North Africans that a
mutiny broke out. Busting into the negotiations, two of the mutineers were shot
by Cummins and Shephard, the rest fled into the surrounding woods. Cummins and Shepherd
quickly re-joined the <i>Rainbow</i>, managing to stave off another attack by
the mutineers. The mutineers were drive below deck. One determined not to die
in lonely fashion, set fire to the <i>Rainbow</i>. Soon the ship was doomed,
overcome with flames. Those few that remained loyal to Cummins and Shepherd
quickly took to <i>Rainbow's</i> the long boat and went ashore. Those driven below deck died on the <i>Rainbow</i>, whilst those who
fled into the woods were hunted down by North African’s. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Cummins,
Shepherd, and those who remained loyal decided to draw lots and use the
remaining longboat of which just half could fit into and make way for Europe to
seek rescue. Shepherd and five others left together with 500 ounces of
gold-dust to buy vessel suitable to return and recuse the remaining crew,
including Cummins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
April the following year [1476] Shepherd returned to Hull, declaring that
Cummins was dead. The reality was Shepherd had double crossed his old sailing
buddy. It was said Shepherd became blinded by the riches, for which
he and he alone should have. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRcsyz2oSSkfVNK7r09oNBiFyMFBrhfrj_4LqCCZL833NrLBWU0-0iZQ2o62QHESqhj3TQ9pzySt33-Tf9SE5eIKE5Y7JJArE8cAXY2hNukUTmluPp0-80AAf96hSqZ7x_VMRCRdutV6-BVbjVg045gvGsUzo3wqCZEiabJXm2IAImPlVKOJzmqU/s3659/Hull%20c1530.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2791" data-original-width="3659" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRcsyz2oSSkfVNK7r09oNBiFyMFBrhfrj_4LqCCZL833NrLBWU0-0iZQ2o62QHESqhj3TQ9pzySt33-Tf9SE5eIKE5Y7JJArE8cAXY2hNukUTmluPp0-80AAf96hSqZ7x_VMRCRdutV6-BVbjVg045gvGsUzo3wqCZEiabJXm2IAImPlVKOJzmqU/w400-h305/Hull%20c1530.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hull as it would have looked to William Cummins and Michael Shepherd during the late 15th century</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Cummins
however was somewhat suspicious of his old sea mate. He had secretly given a
letter to one of those that left on the longboat with Shepherd. The letter was
to be delivered to Cummins wife back in Hull.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
June of 1476 Shepherd was determined to seek out treasures on his own account.
Despite having secured a ship, Shepherd was yet to fully pay for it. He
tried to get Cummins’s wife to advance him some money, but she refused.
Continuing to declare Cummins dead, Shepherd insisted there was no message from
him. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Unknown
to Shepherd the letter was safely delivered to Cummins wife. The letter
confirmed that Cummins was indeed still alive when Shepherd left for help. It
also warned Cummins wife that Shepherd was not to be trusted. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
the mean-time Shephard was busy attempting to secure funds to finance his
expedition. A young slim, handsome gentleman by the name of James Carr came to
Shepherd's aid, promising to stump up the money if he could tag along with the
expedition. Shepherd happily agreed and expedition left on Midsummer Day, 1476
for North Africa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Upon arrival in North Africa it turned out James Carr was in fact the wife of Cummins who had
been disguised. Re-united with her husband, she and Cummins set off for Hull.
Despite an encounter with a French pirate ship, another mutiny and storms, Cummins arrived safely back in Hull. He became rich through trading with the
Levant, while one of his sons commanded a supply ship belonging to Francis
Drake squadron in the fight with the Spanish Armada. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">As
for Michael Shepherd, he met his end in North Africa, killed it was said by the
North African traders for mistreating women and stealing goods.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">This
account appears in Walter Wood’s North Sea Fisheries and Fighters [Ref:
L.639.22]. We don’t know whether the story is true, made up or elements have
been dramatized. It is however the only reference we have in archives at the
History Centre. Whether true or not, it does appear a rather fanciful but interesting story.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv_d-7HGFgG6__LVy8MKtTuGbYhAbXLjf5aXosxzOkvIjZljl08VMUzN86fz9UG0NeO_HmwCNpAxgVtPitZRavIi2DboP04kMk45M2PfdWQr08qpSyCXbjMKY4v2uQfma1wtuHDCz2wF7DeDcMTXmn3TWkIqU-3XZt99FXGpUwXb577VBxloAiOKU/s3262/Wood,%20Walter.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3262" data-original-width="2321" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv_d-7HGFgG6__LVy8MKtTuGbYhAbXLjf5aXosxzOkvIjZljl08VMUzN86fz9UG0NeO_HmwCNpAxgVtPitZRavIi2DboP04kMk45M2PfdWQr08qpSyCXbjMKY4v2uQfma1wtuHDCz2wF7DeDcMTXmn3TWkIqU-3XZt99FXGpUwXb577VBxloAiOKU/w285-h400/Wood,%20Walter.jpg" width="285" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Title page of Walter Wood's North Sea Fishers and Fighters, which recalls the adventures of Captain William Cummins <br />[Ref: L.639.22]</td></tr></tbody></table><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">This wasn’t the only adventure to begin in Hull. Although a work of fiction, Defoe
used Hull as the starting point of Robinson Crusoe. A century after Cummins, Hull mariner, </span><a href="https://hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com/search?q=james+hall"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">James Hall</span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">, made voyages, financed by Christian IV
of Demark to reassert Danish claim to Greenland in response to increased
activities of English and Dutch ships in the Arctic, while in the early 17th
century Hull </span><a href="https://hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com/2019/07/fox-explorer.html"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Luke Fox</span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> sailed from Hull in an attempt to discover the
North-West Passage.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Neil
Chadwick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist
<o:p></o:p></span></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com2Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-54330068296073009682023-08-03T12:00:00.005+01:002023-08-03T12:00:00.144+01:00Remembering Lillian Bilocca<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: justify;">ON this day (August 3) 35 years ago, I answered a phone call that
arguably was to change the course of my life and, years later, brought into
focus the lives of four remarkable working-class Hull women who undoubtedly
changed – and saved – countless lives to come with their successful safety
campaign in the wake of the</span><i style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: justify;"> 1968 Triple Trawler Disaster.</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The phone call was from the Obituaries’ Desk of<i> The Times<b> –</b></i> a
very well-spoken man told me he wished to commission me to write the obituary
for Mrs. Lillian Bilocca, the trawler safety campaigner.</span><span style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I was a young Hull-based freelance in the 1980s and I almost put the
phone down, thinking the cut-glass accent of the man from <i>The Times</i> was
a friend playing a prank.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fortunately, I resisted the temptation!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Being a young, keen reporter, I wrote hundreds of words of the life of
Mrs. Bilocca after hours of research and seeking advice from one of my mentors
and former <i>Hull Daily Mail</i> assistant news editor, Stuart Russell.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">My submission was cut to five paragraphs for the next day’s paper – and
they spelled her name incorrectly.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I remember feeling disappointed and thought to myself that this woman
and her co-campaigner deserved so much more. I promised myself that one day I
would right this wrong.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But as John Lennon said, ‘life is what gets in the way when you are busy
making other plans.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">However, while a doctoral candidate at the University of Hull, I began
to put things right.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I was in my early fifties by then!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Below is the entry for the <i>Oxford Dictionary of National
Biography</i> (ODNB) – “the biographers’ Bible”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lillian Bilocca’s life story was now alongside those of Newton,
Churchill and Wilberforce <i>et al</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I was commissioned in 2013 to write this piece <i>(see below)</i> during
my doctoral research – it was to spark an amazing series of events…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 68.05pt; margin-right: 68.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 68.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bilocca, </span></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[née
Marshall]</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <b>Lillian</b> [<i>aka Big Lil]</i> (1929-1988),
trawler safety campaigner, was born in a ‘two-up, two-down’ at Villa Terrace,
Wassand Street, Hull, East Yorkshire, in the city’s Hessle Road fishing
community on May 26, 1929, the eldest of four daughters of Ernest and Harriet
Marshall.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ernest was a <i>Royal Navy</i> engineer
and later a trawlerman and Harriet was a housewife. Lillian’s education at
the <i>Daltry Street Junior School</i> ended aged 14 and she joined
the local fish house as a cod skinner. Like her peers she went from being a
seafarer’s daughter to a seafarer’s wife and later a seafarer’s mother.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She had two children – Ernest <i>(b. 1946)</i> and
Virginia <i>(b. 1950)</i> – with Charles <i>“Charlie”</i> Bilocca
(b.1902), a Maltese merchant sailor with the Hull-based <i>Ellerman-Wilson
Line</i>, who settled in the city and later worked as a trawlerman.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lillian, Charlie and the children lived in a
terraced house in Coltman Street, Hull. After Charlie’s death in 1981, aged 79,
Lillian moved to the nearby Thornton Estate, where she later died aged 59 – and
that would have been her life story – had it not been for the remarkable events
of 1968.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Aged 39, Lillian became a household name as the
impromptu leader of a “wives’ army” fighting for better safety at sea following
the <i>Hull Triple Trawler Disaster</i> in which the <i>St
Romanus</i>, <i>Kingston Peridot</i> and <i>Ross Cleveland</i> sank
with the loss of 58 men between January 11 and February 4, in ferocious Arctic
waters in the <i>Dark Winter</i> of 1968. It was the biggest
peacetime UK maritime disaster of the 20<sup>th</sup> century.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lillian and the <i>Hessle Road Women’s
Committee</i> went from lobbying trawler bosses to being invited to
Westminster to put their case in the glare of the world’s media, forcing huge
changes in trawler safety in a short time, saving countless lives to
come. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7w69Qh8jEs5R8_TiPU5Z6TsaHBpW6AdsQOIEOl5vR-dqDE-ySevBDYAaX7tKOts0AQqTirRKWMaedDSxeIp7I2orYGRFi6aBxLEBnWe7BamJqIsHW1XrRdinnuO5YapOfKo-RuIMebxHM3BXj7mfeBNSTohBP2VXHAhZhygGxW8tGJNwpr2KUqhGQZg/s650/IMG_4370.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="650" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7w69Qh8jEs5R8_TiPU5Z6TsaHBpW6AdsQOIEOl5vR-dqDE-ySevBDYAaX7tKOts0AQqTirRKWMaedDSxeIp7I2orYGRFi6aBxLEBnWe7BamJqIsHW1XrRdinnuO5YapOfKo-RuIMebxHM3BXj7mfeBNSTohBP2VXHAhZhygGxW8tGJNwpr2KUqhGQZg/w640-h296/IMG_4370.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lillian Bilocca leading her army of fishwives to the docks following her first speech at Victoria Hall<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The <i>St Romanus</i> sank with all hands on January 11, 1968,
the <i>Kingston Peridot</i> on January 26, and on February 4, only
one man (the mate, Harry Eddom) survived the sinking of the <i>Ross
Cleveland</i>. Incredibly, only one of these ships (the <i>Peridot</i>)
had a radio operator. There were no lifelines or adequate safety rails. Any
protective or safety clothing was to be bought by the men. Few did this.
Crew provided their own bedding, sleeping on palliasses, from a ‘company
store’. More incredibly this was not illegal in the most dangerous industry on
Earth. The <i>Standard Mortality Rate</i> (SMR) for UK fishermen was
17 times that of the ordinary worker and more than five times that of the next
most dangerous job – mining <i>(Holland-Martin Report, 1968: 11).</i> Trawling
was still governed by the final ‘master and servant’ act active in the 20<sup>th</sup> century
– The <i>Merchant Shipping Act of 1894</i>. Men could be fined or even
jailed for missing work.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Owners allowed skippers to double as radio
operators. This was the case with Skipper Philip Gay of the <i>Ross
Cleveland, </i>who transmitted this final, desperate, message: <b><i>“I
am going over. We are laying over. Help us, Len, she’s going. Give my love and
the crew’s love to the wives and families.”</i></b> Hull skipper Len Whur,
of the <i>Kingston Andalusite,</i> a cousin of Philip Gay, saw
the <i>Ross Cleveland</i> sink in a blizzard and hurricane in an
Icelandic fjord and was powerless to help. Lillian’s son, Ernie, was a
21-year-old deckhand under Skipper Whur.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Not since the Russian Navy’s sinking of the Hull
fishing fleet in 1904, when the Imperial ships mistook trawlers for Japanese
torpedo boats, had such shockwaves run through that community.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After the <i>St Romanus</i> and the <i>Kingston
Peridot </i>had been declared lost and before the fate of the <i>Ross
Cleveland</i> was known, Lillian and others gathered thousands of
signatures demanding better safety. Lillian’s friend Christine Smallbone
rganized a meeting at a local community hall on Friday, February 2, via the
local <i>Transport and General Workers’ Union.</i></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">More than 300 women were there, and among the
speakers was seamen’s union firebrand, John Prescott, (East Hull MP
[1970-2010], Labour Deputy PM [1997-2010], and raised to the peerage in 2011).
Local Labour MP James Johnson was there too, but</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> the women were in no mood for talk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lillian, in her fish worker’s headscarf and apron, addressed the
women: <i>‘Right lasses, we’re here to talk about what we are going to do
after the losses of these trawlers. I don’t want any of you effin’ and
blindin’. The press and TV are here.’</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the highly charged atmosphere the women marched on the owners’
offices, but the “headscarf army” was fobbed off. Lillian told the crowd:
‘There is only one way to make these people meet us and hear our case and
that’s by taking action.’ <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Next day, in the early morning of Saturday, February 3, she and a small
group of women tried to stop the <i>St Keverne</i> leaving dock.
Under the erroneous impression that no radio operator was present, Lillian
attempted to board it. Photos of the 17-stone housewife struggling with police
who subdued her, hit the headlines. A Sunday tabloid dubbed her ‘Big Lil’ and a
media star was born. She was to be lionised and patronised in equal measure by
the Press, a mix of modern Boudicca and music-hall ‘northern battleaxe’
stereotype.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some women were angered by Lillian’s action. Superstitions were strong
and many felt a woman on the dock was bad luck who could ‘wave the men away’ to
their doom. This may seem silly to ‘outsiders’ but the feeling was strong
enough to be later used to drop Lillian from the <i>Women’s Committee.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But the tide was turning fast.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Owners, who
recently snubbed the women, now asked to see them on the morning Monday,
February 5, to discuss their demands. The women drew up a <i>Fishermen’s
Charter</i> demanding:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Full crews, including radio operators for all ships;</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Twelve hourly contacts between ships and owners while trawlers were at
sea;</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Improved safety equipment from the owners;</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A ‘mother ship’ with medical facilities for all fleets;</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Better training for crews and a safety representative on each ship;</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Suspension of fishing in winter on the northern Icelandic coast that
claimed the three trawlers;</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And, a Royal Commission into the industry.</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">News of the sinking of the <i>Ross Cleveland</i> – apparently
lost with all hands – reached Hull that day. As Lillian and two friends waited
for the owners they saw one of their colleagues<i> </i>– co-organiser
Christine Smallbone – being comforted by a clergyman who had confirmed that
the <i>Ross Cleveland</i>, skippered by her brother Philip Gay had been
lost. A photo of that moment was on the front of the <i>Daily Mirror</i> the
next day, February 6. That day the women took their case to Westminster.
Grief-stricken Christine stayed in Hull.<i> </i>The local <i>TGWU</i> arranged
the meeting and the women met with <i>Minister of Agriculture</i> Fred
Peart and the <i>Minister of State at the Board of Trade</i>, J. P. W.
Mallalieu. (correct spell, all surnames)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lillian Bilocca, Yvonne Blenkinsop and Mary Denness </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">set off for London with ten </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">thousand signatures, their <i>Fishermen’s Charter</i> and a
media circus in tow. Lillian had earlier told the Press she would march on
Downing Street or even “<i>that Harold Wilson’s</i> private house,” if she
was ignored. Peart and Mallalieu were told the women were to be helped. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As they left for London – the <i>Hull Daily Mail</i> reported:
‘The wives, led by 39-year-old Lillian Bilocca, were laughed off at first by
many in the fishing industry. But now it is accepted that they mean business.
What could have turned out to be a hysterical, disorganised protest is now
becoming regarded as something of a fighting machine, backed by hundreds.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mrs. Mary Denness recalled how, at <i>King’s
Cross</i>, the platforms were empty and that she, Lillian and Yvonne were the
only “real” passengers on the train: ‘It was full of journalists, union men,
photographers and TV folk. When we got off, the station was empty and the
platforms were surrounded by those barriers they use on royal visits.’</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But when they got to the exit there were thousands
waiting and cheering. A newspaper billboard read: “BIG LIL HITS TOWN.”</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The women had a meeting with the ministers during
which they learned that the mate of the <i>Ross Cleveland</i>, Harry
Eddom, had been found alive. The story of his survival, and how the two
crewmates he shared a lifeboat with – boatswain Walter Hewitt and galley boy
John Barry Rogers – had perished became worldwide news. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The eyes of the world were on the Hull fishing
community – and the politicians and owners knew it.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The women were delighted with the news of Eddom’s
survival and the immediate promises from the MPs. Upon their return, Lillian
told the Press – and the crowds at <i>Hull Paragon Station</i> – it
was the ‘happiest day of her life.’</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> “We’ve done it!” she said.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The action taken was impressively swift. Fishing
was suspended off Iceland immediately until the weather improved. Over the
coming weeks the Government forced owners to launch an interim ‘control ship’ –
the <i>Ross Valiant</i>.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Plans were drawn for a new full-time ‘mother ship’
to replace the interim one. The <i>Met. Office</i> also placed a
weather report ship on the fishing grounds.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The <i>Hull Fishing Vessels Owners’
Association </i>announced that a training ship would be set up. But the
idea of having a ‘safety shop steward’ on each trawler was rejected as it might
‘undermine the skippers’ authority.’</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There were recommendations of wholesale reforms,
stopping short of ‘de-casualisation’ of the industry.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In October 1968 a public inquiry was held in Hull,
which resulted in the <i>Holland-Martin Report into Trawler Safety.</i></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Report was damning saying that protective
clothing could have saved the two men who perished in Eddom’s lifeboat. Eddom
had bought a rubber “duck suit” which helped to save his life, from a company
store for seven guineas. The others had no such clothing. There were 83 safety
recommendations and a demand that life-rafts be equipped forthwith with safety
gear.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Inquiry chairman Admiral Sir Deric Holland-Martin
added the industry must “change human attitudes at every level.” All the
demands of the <i>Fishermen’s Charter</i> were enacted, many before
the Inquiry, the remainder soon after.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #454545; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> The “headscarf protestors” achieved in days
what unions and politicians had spent futile decades asking for. Their campaign
captured the public imagination and shamed the industry and the Government into
immediate action.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shortly after her Westminster trip, Lillian lost
her job and in weeks to come some sections of the community she had fought so
hard to help turned on her.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Days of only Icelandic trawlers landing fish in
Hull during the bad weather ban, led to poison pen letters being sent to her
and her co-fighters.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Letters appeared in the local press. On February
13, Skipper Len Whur, (the “Len” appealed to in the final radio broadcast from
the <i>Ross Cleveland</i>), was her fiercest critic, accusing her in
the <i>Hull Daily Mail</i> of putting jobs at risk and “interfering
in something she knew nowt about”<i> </i>and calling the ban “stupid”.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> A few days after Lillian’s London triumph a
TV appearance on the <i>Eamonn Andrews’ Show </i>saw<i> </i>her
star fall with stark rapidity. During banter with the show’s host Lil was
asked what fishermen did when not at sea. She quipped in her broad <i>’essle
road</i> accent: <i>“The married ones come home and take out their
wives, then go to the pubs. The single ’uns go wi’ their tarts.”</i></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘There was an audible gasp,’ recalled Mary Denness.
‘In Hessle Road the word “tart” has a totally different meaning. It simply
means girlfriend and is not offensive and does not have the same connotations
it has elsewhere, i.e. being a prostitute.’</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The owners thought her a dangerous nuisance and
some of her peers thought she was “showing up” their community. And many of the
men thought the women had ‘made their point and should get to being wives’.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was to be two years until Lillian found a job.
She took up various menial work for the remainder of her life.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her final job was working in the cloakroom of a
Hull nightclub.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1988, she died of stomach cancer. Her obituary
was in <i>The Times</i>. At her funeral only a handful of those who had
once cheered her bluff oratory attended.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The protest led by Lillian Bilocca would have saved
more lives had the industry continued. Icelandic <i>‘Cod Wars’</i> of
the 1970s led to the decommissioning of the Hull trawler fleet and the community
collapsed. Owners were compensated handsomely. The men, deemed as casual
workers, got nothing, until 2001 when the Labour Government paid compensation
to the surviving trawlermen and the families of those who died in the interim.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1990, the local council placed a plaque on the
site of the old Victoria Hall. It reads: <i>“In recognition of the
contributions to the fishing industry by the women of Hessle Road, led by
Lillian Bilocca, who successfully campaigned for better safety measures
following the loss of three Hull trawlers in 1968.”</i></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><i><br /></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 68.05pt; margin-right: 68.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 68.05pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">AS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">noted in the final paragraph of this <i>ODNB</i> entry
there was a plaque to the women of Hull led by Mrs. Lillian Bilocca – a poor
monument to such an incredible achievement. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">It was as if they had been forgotten by all, except those who live on
Hessle Road – the heart of city’s fishing community.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">How things have changed since the publication of </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">The Headscarf
Revolutionaries </i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">by </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Barbican Press </i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">in 2015.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Its title has now become shorthand for the group of women who fought one
of the most successful actions of civil disobedience of the 20</span><sup style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">th</sup><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> century.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">The book was optioned for production as a motion picture by leading
British director Mark Herman (</span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Brassed Off, Little Voice, The Boy in the
Striped Pyjamas et al</i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> )</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">It inspired the BBC documentary Hull’s Headscarf Heroes – as well as
poetry by Helen Mort, the song cycle, </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">12 Silk Handkerchiefs</i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> by
radical songwriter Reg Meuross – which toured England, and album </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Headscarves
and Hurricanes</i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> by Hull musician Joe Solo, a play by actor and activist
Maxine Peake as well as two documentaries for Radio Four – and two programmes
for the BBC World Service. It also inspired local artists and writers.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">In 2013, I wrote and presented a </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">BBC Radio Four</i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">“Four
Thought” </i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">talk for broadcast, introduced by writer and comedian David
Baddiel, called </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">“Courage and Effect”</i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> – which led to my book
being published. (The broadcast can still be heard via my website.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Hessle Road and other sites in the city have street art and murals in their
honour – and there is even a </span><i style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Fishing Heritage Centre</i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> run by
former trawlermen now in the heart of Hessle Road, the place where they were
never forgotten. In April 2022, I had the sad honour of writing an obituary for
Mrs. Yvonne Blenkinsop – the last of The Headscarf Revolutionaries.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">The story of – Lillian Bilocca, Mary Denness, Yvonne Blenkinsop and
Christine Smallbone – later Christine Jensen MBE – continues to spread.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Thank goodness I did not put that phone down in 1988.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1NL8jq3cTiBBHpR1TCcNKFb25MtSyB9lOjIWM6aH2m4m0RanV0axsEqQQKZ2u4VVKOIQXTlWZL-A7MkqTuLES2OrvghMGG4QrqvpimxJlr5qYzu4sdAc7DZxYGM3zdODqPlk8gkkqefJCE_Y2wu2rLiVt4ntLJlaYxTmKRlkXtdIBNHqFdT3hpHfeYA/s373/Dr%20Brian%20lavery%202.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="373" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1NL8jq3cTiBBHpR1TCcNKFb25MtSyB9lOjIWM6aH2m4m0RanV0axsEqQQKZ2u4VVKOIQXTlWZL-A7MkqTuLES2OrvghMGG4QrqvpimxJlr5qYzu4sdAc7DZxYGM3zdODqPlk8gkkqefJCE_Y2wu2rLiVt4ntLJlaYxTmKRlkXtdIBNHqFdT3hpHfeYA/w320-h303/Dr%20Brian%20lavery%202.JPG" title="Brian Lavery" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brian W Lavery</td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Brian W Lavery, PhD.</span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Author: The
Headscarf Revolutionaries (Barbican Press 2015)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and The
Luckiest Thirteen (Barbican Press, 2018)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hull –
August 3, 2023.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman Italic"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">*** Images courtesy of the Hull Daily Mail,
Barbican Press and the research files of Dr Brian Lavery.</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman Italic"; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">*** If you want to find out more about the
remarkable story of Hull’s Headscarf Revolutionaries you can visit Dr Brian
Lavery’s website – </span></i></b><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="http://brianwlavery.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">brianwlavery.com</span></i></b></a></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #222222; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Or buy his books via his publisher Barbican Press
at </span></i></b><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="http://barbicanpress.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">barbicanpress.com</span></i></b></a></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #222222; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He is on Twitter as @brianlavery59</span></i></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #222222; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Instagram @brianwlaveryauthor</span></i></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #222222; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Facebook Author Page as Brian W Lavery.</span></i></b><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="color: #222222; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW9cDrHYnJ1c2BISs78ey3Afliebi-pHWa-U1Qu7yDzuTFbJI81Cd-BVCvYZSEaFNl8Atq5BiEhJU6YP4XRZgP_MhVeRj1qFjJxaeZ-nzazBaAEJYr0GduUjD3los4qlmfFNOHQHh3RaaEykDKjEQ4M2nDGkx4O7qFnR-2mnAFDa_-rvos-vwwMMvhQQ/s1500/IMG_6309.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1500" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW9cDrHYnJ1c2BISs78ey3Afliebi-pHWa-U1Qu7yDzuTFbJI81Cd-BVCvYZSEaFNl8Atq5BiEhJU6YP4XRZgP_MhVeRj1qFjJxaeZ-nzazBaAEJYr0GduUjD3los4qlmfFNOHQHh3RaaEykDKjEQ4M2nDGkx4O7qFnR-2mnAFDa_-rvos-vwwMMvhQQ/w640-h214/IMG_6309.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-72453067355381008602023-06-14T10:30:00.018+01:002023-06-14T10:30:00.130+01:00Sir Robert Constable and the Pilgrimage of Grace<p> <span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">In
the late summer 1536 resistance to the King (Henry VIII) was reputedly started
by the sale of a church plate in Lincolnshire. Hostilities broke out between
those that opposed Henry’s actions against religious houses and churches, perhaps
better known you and I as </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">The Pilgrimage of Grace</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">. The result was England
breaking away from the Rome and Catholicism with Henry establishing the Church
of England, of which he and successive monarchs would become its head.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
outbreak of hostilities largely took place in the East Riding of Yorkshire, Cumberland,
Westmoreland, and Lincolnshire. Strategically and economically important, Hull
was a target for those caught up in this rebellion. The town was besieged on 15
Oct 1536 by the rebels. It wasn’t just Henry actions against the church that
led to the <i>Pilgrimage of Grace</i>. Various grievances too were motivating
factors. Those from Beverley for example resented Hull’s monopoly in trade and
navigation of the river Hull, and saw an opportunity vent their anger at the
town. Others rose for political reasons, such as Henry’s divorce from Catherine
of Aragon, which for some was a step to far. The <i>Pilgrimage of Grace’s</i>
official leader was Robert Aske. Another important leading figure was Sir Robert
Constable of Flamborough. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Hull
quickly, though somewhat reluctantly yielded to the rebels gathered outside its
walls in the October of 1536. Sir Robert Constable took command of Hull,
repairing the town walls, requisitioning ships, and using customs money in
support of the rebels. By December the rebellion had dispersed and with it the
rebels left Hull. Some however remained uneasy with Henry and his treatment
of the church and religious houses. Quietly plotting was Francis Bigod and John
Hallam, who planned to seize Hull. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgO3Oi_UswDlIpgmup_IPIFLcUw4ZRgdN1J7ofbahXithdDQDHkc-TtXBPfSTUmunsK5nkIwHimNGsbkITGux93a4MZkQMaILUXA3yUlQil9IlsO-pGlXgNXwGV9So_mEd_OfG25gcOHuW5e6YAz_Af5TmPyyHgnVpCOqTjapjCj4U2v-vP_BNaiI/s2109/Hull%201530.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2109" data-original-width="935" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgO3Oi_UswDlIpgmup_IPIFLcUw4ZRgdN1J7ofbahXithdDQDHkc-TtXBPfSTUmunsK5nkIwHimNGsbkITGux93a4MZkQMaILUXA3yUlQil9IlsO-pGlXgNXwGV9So_mEd_OfG25gcOHuW5e6YAz_Af5TmPyyHgnVpCOqTjapjCj4U2v-vP_BNaiI/w178-h400/Hull%201530.jpg" width="178" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Beverley Gate, c.1530. It was close by that John Hallam was arrested and it was from here the Sir Robert Constable's was hung in the July 1537</td></tr></tbody></table><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Bigod
and Hallam saw the opportunity to suppress royal authority in the East Riding,
which meant taking Hull. The corporation got wind of Hallam’s intentions to
take the town. After a short scuffle Hallam was arrested close to the Beverley
Gate. In the February of 1537, Hallam was hanged at Hull. Sir Robert Constable,
involved with the initial uprising in October, initially received a pardon,
including the </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Pilgrimage of Grace’s</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> official leader, Robert Aske. Sir Robert’s
days were numbered, however (as too were Robert Aske’s). Refusing later the
meet with Henry when summoned, Sir Robert was arrested for treason and sent to
Hull. It was at Hull that Sir Robert was executed. His body hung from a
gibbet on Hull’s Beverley Gate on market day, as a warning to those that dare
challenge royal authority. </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjheWRVb1GAmCXQWRDOfsy5TTwk4LCW4aV_6aGWBB0n7Zr2uDn20C1QmDx-cAylHaHel2CacMyh-ohqxIqBjWsGlTnEQKs8HUgYJLZNo7PHHWVFr1lMUXCGw0EYY1JYSuwVBtoscOd-hTDFvgE4XZ2UFa-UP0cmrGREagLVWPuYq6IHDSMIBFOarLM/s3913/C%20BRH-5.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2005" data-original-width="3913" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjheWRVb1GAmCXQWRDOfsy5TTwk4LCW4aV_6aGWBB0n7Zr2uDn20C1QmDx-cAylHaHel2CacMyh-ohqxIqBjWsGlTnEQKs8HUgYJLZNo7PHHWVFr1lMUXCGw0EYY1JYSuwVBtoscOd-hTDFvgE4XZ2UFa-UP0cmrGREagLVWPuYq6IHDSMIBFOarLM/w400-h205/C%20BRH-5.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pardon for the late rebellion (Pilgrimage of Grace) 9 Dec 1536 [Ref: C BRH/6]. <br />Transcription available [Ref: L SRL/T/8]</td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">See Allison’s, </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Victoria County History, East Riding of Yorkshire, Vol. 1
Kingston upon Hull</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif">, pp.91-3 [Ref: L.9.7]; Gillett and MacMahon’s </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">History of Hull</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif">,
pp.100-1 [Ref: L.9.7]</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Neil Chadwick</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist </span></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-23625245952459320332023-06-09T10:30:00.015+01:002023-06-09T10:30:00.210+01:00Crime and punishment in 15th, 16th and 17th century Hull<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">In
the 16th and 17th centuries Hull’s corporation was driven by a Puritan ideal, whether seen as right or wrong, the town’s corporation had its inhabitants in its best interests
(and probably their own!). Some offences differ little from those today.
However, some offences from the past could be seen as medalling and controlling
people’s lives. Here are some examples of offences under Hull Corporation and
punishments it handed out during the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-indent: -18pt;">In 1453
a woman was dismissed from the town for ‘frequent and notorious, but
unspecified behaviour’</span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
1456 an old man assaulted a child and was ordered to leave the town for the
next five years<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Margaret
Bell in 1612 was imprisoned due to obscenities and only to be realised when she
could guarantee her good behaviour<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Deception
of blackmail as against Thomas and Isobel West in 1565. Isobel had agreed to
entertain a young man, a merchant from London. When Isobel assured him that her
husband was away, and while in bed, Isobel’s in bed her husband came out with a
dagger and extracted £3.4s for the young man.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Shropshire
man, Richard Moore enquired at Hull could best afford to borrow money to the
crown. Suspicious, the bench referred the matter to the Council of the North.
They in turn instructed that a scaffold be erected in the Market Place with
paper pinned to the Richard Moore inscribed in capitals ‘for spreading seditious
and slanderous rumours’. He was also expelled from the town.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In
1595, Thomas Emmerson was convicted at York. Hanged at Hull, Emmerson was found
to have robbed and killed a ships master after sailing from Berwick to Hull. He
was also accused of throwing the masters body overboard.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">George
Shaw imprisoned in 1560 for an unlicenced alehouse<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Unlawful games such as bowls, dice, cards,
and backgammon were prohibited. Lawful pleasures were also scoffed upon. A travelling
theatre was thrown of out Hull in 1599 for a performance at the Kings Head
which was seen as inappropriate for the town’s inhabitants. <o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div>Read more in Gillett and MacMahon's History of Hull (lending copies available at the Hull History Centre's Local Studies Library)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCom-P0n66l0DVuYl5Vxgi-aRX2xvaWREkBgRZO8EseH-e9ErhrYUZS3-itiTS3sbkDfVIqXAhRDTZ24KqdEyK4ar0f00_qFh-RRHdFlwBH03K2alzbIiChcD8SAmVAkfLsvfh5eg3kuPVgjmf22gePUUq2qBvSpNH3ygHRVxbOxAIpv2ZwFL8RvA/s4032/Gillett%20and%20MacMahon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCom-P0n66l0DVuYl5Vxgi-aRX2xvaWREkBgRZO8EseH-e9ErhrYUZS3-itiTS3sbkDfVIqXAhRDTZ24KqdEyK4ar0f00_qFh-RRHdFlwBH03K2alzbIiChcD8SAmVAkfLsvfh5eg3kuPVgjmf22gePUUq2qBvSpNH3ygHRVxbOxAIpv2ZwFL8RvA/w300-h400/Gillett%20and%20MacMahon.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A History of Hull [Ref: L.9.7]</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Neil Chadwick</span></div><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist</span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-22456285290471584952023-05-23T10:30:00.028+01:002023-05-23T10:30:00.187+01:00Hull, The First Fleet and Australia - Part 2<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">In
<a href="https://hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com/2023/05/hull-first-fleet-and-australia-part-1.html" target="_blank">part one</a> we recounted the three Hull men, William Dring, Joseph Robinson, and
John Nettleton who were a part of the First Fleet to Australia. All three convicted
of larceny and sentenced to seven years transportation. This journey was not
unique in Hull’s history. In fact, Hull has a long history with Australia. In
this second part we look at those free settlers who left Hull for a new life in
Australia during the 19th century.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Tens
of thousands left Britain and beyond to settle Australia, among them were those
from Hull and the wider area. Being a port there is little doubt Australia and opportunities it
provided were discussed in Hull, on the docks and in the pubs and taverns. Also,
as a port, Hull ships and their crews were active in sailings to and from
Australian shores. It wasn’t uncommon for ships to sail direct from Hull to
Australia. One Hull ship, under its Hull master was implicated in what the <i>Adelaide
Observer</i> described as ‘disgraceful proceedings whilst enroute to Australia’.
A young woman, Miss Arnold received unwanted attention from the ship’s crew
while another individual reported the vessel was a floating brothel full of
evil sea-monsters. Neglect of duty was also reported against the ships surgeon
for not attending to those unwell, including Miss Arnold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
chance of a new life and the opportunities it provided was the draw for many. Our
blog from 2020 recounted the voyage of </span><a href="http://hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-tranby-and-settlement-of-swan-river.html"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The Tranby</span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> to Western Australia in 1829 when
upwards of forty people left Hull for a new life on the Swan River settlement,
now a part of modern-day Perth. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
voyage to Australia was fraught with danger. Hull man, Francis Brown recalled
in a letter home that despite the outward voyage taking 112 days (less than
half the time of the First Fleet) he arrived in good health, though a number of
the ship’s passengers and crew weren’t so lucky due to Cholera having spread
throughout the ship. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6IP7RB_XKfYFnPJIwNrdoybhE9kKcmA3HKZ5P2Ly4fMJwwYFFTL8wyS93j7DI8t-NbbQsmNrQz6NBs-IL1X_RBX6a7WrRRALXWMc-gAN7OL0Blt-MSqtSfZLpb8Snyw-nNjMz8gALCZPcjM1jSbUWBgY9LBbV49RePAzQ4rk7mPhOejHlyc2JNHo/s418/HA%209%20Apr%201852.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="218" data-original-width="418" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6IP7RB_XKfYFnPJIwNrdoybhE9kKcmA3HKZ5P2Ly4fMJwwYFFTL8wyS93j7DI8t-NbbQsmNrQz6NBs-IL1X_RBX6a7WrRRALXWMc-gAN7OL0Blt-MSqtSfZLpb8Snyw-nNjMz8gALCZPcjM1jSbUWBgY9LBbV49RePAzQ4rk7mPhOejHlyc2JNHo/w400-h209/HA%209%20Apr%201852.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Advertisement from the Hull Advertiser<br />9 Apr 1852</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When
those settlers arrived, they had to contend with the heat, which was too hot to
be pleasant. A Hull man living in Townsville wrote home to his former employer
saying the heat was no cooler than a warm summers day in England. Insects
plagued many people’s thoughts when writing back home, often describing sleep
as impossible due to the insects.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
cost of living in Australia was expensive. In Melbourne for example a Hull man
who emigrated in the mid-19th century reported home that everything was
expensive and whatever money was had, evaporated quickly. Rents too were
expensive. In Townsville almost a third of wages went on rent alone. Arriving in
Melbourne Francis Brown recalled how necessities were cheap, yet items such as
clothing were much dearer than back in England. Many people were ill equipped
for Australia’s climate. The Hull Packet for example often ran articles reporting
many being caught out with inadequate clothing and that specialist retailers
were available in Hull offering appropriate clothing for Australia’s climate.
And of course, nothing could prepare those being away from their family and
friends, which would have added to their difficulties in settling. A young
women named Mary who left Hull for Australia wrote home to her father saying
how she missed him, home, and her friends.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
influx of settlers led to surplus labour force. Permanent employment was
difficult to find. A Hull man who emigrated to Adelaide reported due to the
abundance of men arriving, many walked the streets of Adelaide looking for
employment. A Hullensian in Townsville reported that the abundance of workers
drove down wages, and that jobs were temporary, usually lasting just a few
weeks at a time. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0GkAnkRAcHRbDqMyBD7hjtLDoHKHNsjwo-Mvn33gEWG6Ao8Fj_bkhzTM2OTnRnEybfq3w-PWZ522ijTYD7y-aTFwMZXRlPpoYiNsw9ImbvY_FU-61tIdAzIRNhFskjZTaz8f3Gu3tByv7MX6zRju7FC7BAHJFPpLJ2GoNyU70mBzr0P2-fLwYoJs/s540/HA%2018%20Feb%201853.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="425" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0GkAnkRAcHRbDqMyBD7hjtLDoHKHNsjwo-Mvn33gEWG6Ao8Fj_bkhzTM2OTnRnEybfq3w-PWZ522ijTYD7y-aTFwMZXRlPpoYiNsw9ImbvY_FU-61tIdAzIRNhFskjZTaz8f3Gu3tByv7MX6zRju7FC7BAHJFPpLJ2GoNyU70mBzr0P2-fLwYoJs/w315-h400/HA%2018%20Feb%201853.JPG" width="315" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of letter printed in the Hull Advertiser from a Hull man<br />18 Feb 1853</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Many
young men saw their opportunities in the emerging gold mines and fields of
Australia. However, for many the promise of riches simply did not materialise.
A Hull man who tried his hand in the gold mines north of Melbourne described men
abandoning the mines to seek out opportunities elsewhere, thus only adding to the
oversupply of labour. Despite challenges and hardships, many remained, forging
out a life for themselves and their families. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">There
is little doubt that those from Hull played a role in the emergence and
settling of modern Australia we think of today. Tranby House on the Swan River,
Perth still survives to this today and takes its name from the ship, <i>Tranby</i>,
which believed to have taken its name from Tranby House of Anlaby. Descendants of
these early Hull settlers still reside in Australia today. Indeed, it is not
uncommon to have visitors from Australia to the Hull History Centre tracing
their Hull roots and ancestry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Neil
Chadwick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist<o:p></o:p></span></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-10703323252002736702023-05-13T12:00:00.042+01:002023-05-13T12:00:00.183+01:00Hull, The First Fleet and Australia, Part 1<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">In
this first of a two-part blog, we recount the story of three Hull men who set
out with the First Fleet to Australia to serve their sentence of seven years
transportation. Part 2 will look at life recalled by later Hull people who
settled Australia as free men and women in the 19th century.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">On
this day (13th May 1787) a party of eleven ships, their crews, men, women, children,
marines, and convicts left Portsmouth for Australia. Under the command of
Captain Arthur Philip, they were to establish a new settlement. The journey of over
15,000 miles took upwards of around 8 months, finally arriving in Sydney Cove
from 18 January 1788. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Two
and a half years earlier on October 7, 1784, William Dring, a Hull boy believed
to be no more than 14 years old pleaded guilty to petty larceny at the Hull
Quarter Sessions. In return he was ‘sentenced to be transported beyond the seas
for seven years’. Dring was not alone. Also pleading guilty alongside him was
Joseph Robinson. He too received seven years transportation. A third individual
also implicated, was John Hastings. Hastings however denied the charges. Tried
by jury, he was later found not guilty. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlcKk9KrEzddJlCdpbYPon1UJ9gmOVukPfZYH3csm45IA5wv2DdCe9uN7ApEMmh_aM1bByZvOQU7Tv1iI5vuuKQpDoIl6HKxyrDu5jcrSxB00JZMEFxYawOH5g6ewAWbr4A792Esflv5qES3SJbSCWg_fHR9EeDjivvD5U9ugsugmjpDL8BX0pimE/s4032/c-cqb-60-19.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlcKk9KrEzddJlCdpbYPon1UJ9gmOVukPfZYH3csm45IA5wv2DdCe9uN7ApEMmh_aM1bByZvOQU7Tv1iI5vuuKQpDoIl6HKxyrDu5jcrSxB00JZMEFxYawOH5g6ewAWbr4A792Esflv5qES3SJbSCWg_fHR9EeDjivvD5U9ugsugmjpDL8BX0pimE/w300-h400/c-cqb-60-19.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Court case, William Dring - accused, 7 Oct1784 <br />[Ref: C CBQ/60/19]<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The
offence, or in the case of Hastings the alleged offence took place five weeks
earlier on 24 August, when it was said Dring, Robinson and Hastings stole and
made away with a pair of trousers and several other things which were the goods
and chattels of Joseph Mitchinson, including bottles of brandy. Pleading
guilty, Dring and Robinson were removed the Goal at the junction Market Place
and Mytongate to await transportation to Australia.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Attempts
were made for Dring to receive a lighter sentence and even a pardon, perhaps
owing to his age or a reputed opportunity of employment in return for leniency.
Despite such attempts, the sentence stood, and the shackles remained steadfast.
At the same session, Robert Nettleton was sentenced to seven years
transportation for a similar offence, while Mary Atkinson also sentenced to
transportation ‘obtained his majesty’s free pardon’, though we are uncertain why
this was.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNY2qjgRCy9WewSneajvQ9x3sQR6gfgJympPFBz4gV5EZw5X0Tkupnfvpc_tTs112eMgBIiZTOxLgnGQoik_k9RXem2NeLPzkHcGA_ZiXAdFsj6CvQSlbOVWmQcSfu_dfP3UFayx1vLQyLt4IMvS03wJmN3rZalnsKsrYrSMlxRE5MPRwpz-A6SNk/s4032/c-cqb-61-52a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNY2qjgRCy9WewSneajvQ9x3sQR6gfgJympPFBz4gV5EZw5X0Tkupnfvpc_tTs112eMgBIiZTOxLgnGQoik_k9RXem2NeLPzkHcGA_ZiXAdFsj6CvQSlbOVWmQcSfu_dfP3UFayx1vLQyLt4IMvS03wJmN3rZalnsKsrYrSMlxRE5MPRwpz-A6SNk/w300-h400/c-cqb-61-52a.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Order for transportation, 1784 <br />[Ref: C CQB/61/52a]<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif">On
26 April 1785, William Dring, Joseph Robinson, and Robert Nettleton were
transferred to the Hulks in the River Thames to await their voyage to Australia.
These hulks were decommissioned vessels used as floating prisons. It would however
be another two years before all three were sent to serve out their sentences on
the other side of the world. What makes this story unique in Hull’s history is
these Hull men were among the eleven ships of the First Fleet which set sail
for Australia.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
First Fleet, under the command of Captain Philips was to establish a new (and
first) British settlement. They were among over 1,400 who set out making the
journey to the other side of the world, before their eventual arrival at Botany
Bay (now modern-day Sydney) on 19 January 1788. The ship they sailed on was the
Hull built vessel, <i>Alexander</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">For
those who sailed to Australia the voyage would be the first hurdle to overcome.
Hull man George Benson in his <a href="https://hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com/search?q=george+benson" target="_blank">account</a>
of transportation in 1840, described the voyage as fraught with misery. The
First Fleet however did make the voyage largely unscathed. Of the 1420 persons that
left, 1373 arrived at Botany Bay. The Second Fleet however which left for
Australia just under two years later was notorious for its poor conditions whilst
at sea. Many became ill, with a quarter dying before their arrival. Many
arrived riddled in lice, while forty percent of those that arrived died within
the first six months.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Early
settlers and convicts had to deal with the harsh conditions. Those serving
transportation sentences for example, worked from sunset to sunrise. They were
not paid. Punishment was physical. Lashes to the back were common. Some were
placed into chains and heavy irons to make their work harder. This, thrown in
with the heat and conditions could be truly awful. Female convicts were
punished with hard labour and solitary confinement on bread and water. Such
punishments would have no doubt impacted their mental health and wellbeing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">For
those that received seven- or fourteen-years transportation the options were to
return home or see out their days in Australia. Of course, those transported
for life, their stay was indefinite. Hull man, George Benson returned home to
Hull after his sentence and published his account of the ‘<i>Horrors of
Transportation</i>’. Others chose to remain, however. Those that left Hull
aboard the vessel <i>Tranby</i> all remained in Australia. For example, father
and son, John and Joseph Hardey were influential figures in the early
development of the Belmont area of what is modern-day Perth. Tranby House, on
the Swan River was built by John Hardey, one of those who left Hull onboard the
<i>Tranby</i> for Western Australia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Those
who went out with the First Fleet looked upon the Australia’s Aboriginal people
with curiosity but also suspicion. And naturally this was very much
reciprocated by the Aboriginal people. It wasn’t long however until both sides
clashed. Shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet conflict between the
Cadigal but also the Bidjigal people broke out, despite official policy of the
British Government for the colony to establish friendly relations. There are no
accounts of any Hull settlers in direct conflict with Australia’s Aboriginals. Presumably
Dring, Robinson and Nettleton would have witnessed or perhaps participated in
these first conflicts between the two groups. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">A
Hull man who emigrated to Australia via Melbourne recalled how it was not
uncommon for miners to carry firearms when travelling from Melbourne to the
gold mines for protection. The most documented encounter recorded with native
indigenous peoples by any individual is that of Hull’s John Jewitt, who was
taken prisoner by the North American Nootka tribe in what is today Canada’s
Pacific North-west. He was one of the first Europeans to spend time with
indigenous North American’s and his account of one of the earliest of their
life prior to western colonisation of North America. Click </span><a href="http://hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com/2020/03/john-jewitt-and-his-captivity.html" target="_blank"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">here</span></a><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> to read more about John Jewitt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Of
those three Hull men who went out with the First Fleet, William Dring remained.
He was however unable to stay out of trouble, perhaps he’d developed a
reputation among his peers. He was sent to Norfolk Island. The reputation of
Norfolk Island, set up as an off shoot by some from the First Fleet was
notorious among convicts, particularly those deemed unruly or trouble causers. Dring
was reputed to have started a fire on the <i>Sirus</i>. He is also reputed to
have stolen potatoes. Joseph Robinson too fell into trouble, but like Dring,
was this really his character? For example, it is said he killed pigeons that
were reserved for those most in need. Certainly, taking George Benson’s
account, one could argue Robinson and Dring, like others were in need given the
conditions and their treatment they endured. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUFIPDAVKUCXCIYACoZzDKSlxQkR7s2GBNl899QKMikLpxd6nIleP70U2rtBR2J1ka4MPr98Bk43ks5QpTjiR7iKNULO8Ycmxpxqx-APpZ6y1POPXCOJY4AZ8fkOT0R7jEkPmMnhK1AYJZ0rQDQGjS0dnuuWF-p-ihZH8sI22F9K72nvUl3ROG9mI/s3538/c-cqb-61-51a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2984" data-original-width="3538" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUFIPDAVKUCXCIYACoZzDKSlxQkR7s2GBNl899QKMikLpxd6nIleP70U2rtBR2J1ka4MPr98Bk43ks5QpTjiR7iKNULO8Ycmxpxqx-APpZ6y1POPXCOJY4AZ8fkOT0R7jEkPmMnhK1AYJZ0rQDQGjS0dnuuWF-p-ihZH8sI22F9K72nvUl3ROG9mI/w400-h338/c-cqb-61-51a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from Quarter Sessions (1784) at Hull the recording the sentences of Dring, Robinson, Nettleton and Mary Atkinson <br />[Ref: C CQB/61/51a] <br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Nettleton
and Robison eventually left presumably free men after serving their sentences. Attempted
escapes were not uncommon, and in some cases, some were successful. A Liverpool
man transported for seven years tried on several occasions to escape from
Australia. He manged to stow away on one ship but was found. On another
occasion he escaped from the penal colony on Tasmania, only to be again found
as a stowaway and returned, while on another occasion he along with a small
group managed to escape, before the group were eventually discovered by the
authorities. Not to be deterred, he finally made good his escape and returned to
England. It was whilst in his hometown of Liverpool that he was picked up,
presumably after being recognised. Despite pleas recounting the horrors (even
judge sympathising and recognising the misery he suffered) the judge had little
option than re-impose the sentence of transportation, but this time for the
term of his natural life.<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">William
Dring remained indefinitely even after his sentence expired. In 1792 he married
Ann Forbes. Together, they had a daughter, Elizabeth (b.1794) and Charles
(b.1796) and settled in New South Wales. It is not known what happened to
William Dring. Dring may have died by 1798. Another theory is he’d left
Australia altogether with one suggestion William died in 1845 after drowning at
sea. However, we will never really know what happened to William Dring.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Look out for part 2 coming soon...</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Neil
Chadwick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist
<o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br />Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-65850670908957980002023-02-28T10:00:00.005+00:002023-02-28T10:00:00.202+00:00LGBT+ History Month 2023<p>February is LGBT+ History Month, and as 2023 marks 35 years
since the introduction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_28">Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988</a> – and 20
years since its repeal – I thought I would have a look through our student
newspapers to see how the University of Hull’s students reacted to the
controversial legislation.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here at the History Centre we hold copies of the
University's student newspapers from the beginning of University College Hull
back in 1928. At that time the student union’s newspaper was Torch, and over
time the newspaper became Torchlight (in 1956) and then Hullfire (in 1974). The
student newspapers give a fascinating insight into student life at various
times, showing us what Hull students cared and protested about, as well as what
they watched and listened to, and where they went on their nights out.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghDQ8vdiAftgZ1SDM2W2ir5-gL_UMa38x3AB8QRm8LaMkioufyX8T8w7amC84eecUoLcIy7BwrqRIp_sD9ov7D2lsYyNJa4zzhSsZubYL7Bajw7is7o_kiyJMmKmqNu7Ly9bAMzhTLqxqcgfVRT6QrjpDiLze3TQMTuv21yXBud_Qe2bctbudLpJ8/s1672/U%20SUH-1-20%20issue%20163%20coming%20out%20in%20style.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="968" data-original-width="1672" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghDQ8vdiAftgZ1SDM2W2ir5-gL_UMa38x3AB8QRm8LaMkioufyX8T8w7amC84eecUoLcIy7BwrqRIp_sD9ov7D2lsYyNJa4zzhSsZubYL7Bajw7is7o_kiyJMmKmqNu7Ly9bAMzhTLqxqcgfVRT6QrjpDiLze3TQMTuv21yXBud_Qe2bctbudLpJ8/w400-h231/U%20SUH-1-20%20issue%20163%20coming%20out%20in%20style.jpg" title="Extract from Hullfire, 15 Feb 1988" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from Hullfire, 15 Feb 1988</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Section 28 definitely received some coverage from Hullfire in 1988. In the 15 February issue, a piece called "Coming Out in Style" reported that "The 'Gay Awareness' week was described as 'a success' by the Chair of the society". There was "a good turnout" for a meeting with a speaker about Clause 28 (as it was referred to before the Local Government Bill became law) and a benefit disco raised £232 to "be used to publicise the effect of Clause 28".<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzbWjZkRZE02PemYX7uVO731CLJFNExDt_dCYI8ZKT2SIzCQzLIFy21JQIU2_h75uDFQXp7p1GGQ1zT4Kf8i212I2ughIypvD90H1AUVfMurk1b7qGBPriOE22ndFo6CtD7Czqf9IBJbF1fEwfAW_vXEvQ_z1FOnE66NybMpzQfzBYg8TMfUpY_88/s2664/U%20SUH-1-20%20issue%20164%20gay%20unity.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2664" data-original-width="1056" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzbWjZkRZE02PemYX7uVO731CLJFNExDt_dCYI8ZKT2SIzCQzLIFy21JQIU2_h75uDFQXp7p1GGQ1zT4Kf8i212I2ughIypvD90H1AUVfMurk1b7qGBPriOE22ndFo6CtD7Czqf9IBJbF1fEwfAW_vXEvQ_z1FOnE66NybMpzQfzBYg8TMfUpY_88/w159-h400/U%20SUH-1-20%20issue%20164%20gay%20unity.jpg" width="159" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from Hullfire, 29 Feb 1988</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">In the 29 February issue, Hullfire reported on an
anti-Clause 28 demonstration held in Manchester, which 100 students from Hull
had attended. The report also addressed the potential effect on students,
saying "The legislation could be interpreted in such a way that student unions
would be prevented from financing gay and lesbian societies. There are also
fears that gay students who 'come out' will be in danger of losing their local
authority grants as they could be seen to be promoting homosexuality."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigijc5bkCFaF7SR66f63HApJqOE2SL9S9pSumjSH72yj_daNCz_HczHITv4RR-iy1eibQVjocM-c5oyLq9KZdfaguALAnRfHzrOk1itePSxsvkiE4g6lExab4CJaH2-dzm4cU85uSndAh5KAvbbxJV2_W5-nupm1Wcz4LNaVRrTOUxwTyXuNXUqvU/s3000/U%20SUH-1-20%20issue%20168%20page%20five.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="2168" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigijc5bkCFaF7SR66f63HApJqOE2SL9S9pSumjSH72yj_daNCz_HczHITv4RR-iy1eibQVjocM-c5oyLq9KZdfaguALAnRfHzrOk1itePSxsvkiE4g6lExab4CJaH2-dzm4cU85uSndAh5KAvbbxJV2_W5-nupm1Wcz4LNaVRrTOUxwTyXuNXUqvU/w289-h400/U%20SUH-1-20%20issue%20168%20page%20five.jpg" width="289" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from Hullfire, 3 Oct 1988</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">After the Local Government Bill became law, in October 1988
Hullfire reported on "the continuing struggle". Encouraging readers to continue to protest,
the writers noted that "The campaign against Clause 28 has been as inspiring as
it has been unexpected. It has been both broad-based in support and imaginative
in content. The willingness to explore new and inclusive forms of protest has
drawn many people who have previously felt marginalised by, and hostile to, the 'democentric' methods of political activity."</p><p class="MsoNormal">We can definitely see from these pieces the depth of feeling that many students had about this legislation. The student newspapers also contain lots of information about other campaigns and protests over the 95 years of the University's existence. If you'd like to investigate for yourself, you can order the papers in our searchroom with the reference U SUH.</p>Sarahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12760371140165812437noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419839.137957700702742 -17.9055448 68.397289499297273 17.2507052tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-13883865826221901892023-02-12T10:30:00.016+00:002023-02-13T12:04:04.379+00:00Remembering Hull’s William Mason, born on this day (February 12th) 1725<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif">One of Hull’s
most famous sons, yet perhaps least widely known, is William Mason. Born in Hull on 12
February 1725, William Mason was poet, cleric, author and garden designer. Educated
at Hull Grammar School and St. John’s College Cambridge, it was whilst at St.
John’s College, Cambridge that he developed his love of literature under his
tutor Dr. Powell. It was also at St. John’s College where he met the poet
Thomas Gray of whom he developed a lifelong admiration.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">In 1745 he took
his bachelor’s degree, and around the same time he composed his Musaeus, a
Monody on the death of Mr. Pope which was published to acclaim in 1747. In 1751
he published the historical tragedies of Elfrida and Caractacus (1759).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">He was ordained
in 1754 and held several posts in churches, including precentor and canon of
York Minster (1762). The same year in which he was ordained, Mason went abroad
as Chaplain to the Earl of Holderness and upon his return spent the remainder of
his life in Aston, South Yorkshire. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkJ82pHUsskYiiqI2_gh1Xo9VmuYeJ8Co-xIvQMQtOJqmfe85RGOGU_Cs97e9otyxcG9UkgTRaZQfcHmqPQx1tnkvHklbZXO-YwoLo-bXCE5CuQFKXj3pPUYey2VIQoCUeOJ_GE2fSX4lZdG00Z3-j1TOuIoGl_lEgiwEeCr5ngc2IaA0jik4Ihx0/s3634/William%20Mason.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3634" data-original-width="2602" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkJ82pHUsskYiiqI2_gh1Xo9VmuYeJ8Co-xIvQMQtOJqmfe85RGOGU_Cs97e9otyxcG9UkgTRaZQfcHmqPQx1tnkvHklbZXO-YwoLo-bXCE5CuQFKXj3pPUYey2VIQoCUeOJ_GE2fSX4lZdG00Z3-j1TOuIoGl_lEgiwEeCr5ngc2IaA0jik4Ihx0/w286-h400/William%20Mason.jpg" width="286" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portrait of William Mason</td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">In 1765 he
married Maria, daughter of William Sherman a storekeeper at Hull Garrison, but sadly
Maria died within twelve months of their marriage. After this Mason shared his
attention between the charge of his parish of Aston, his garden and poetry. As
a garden designer his work included that for the Viscount Harcourt. He acted as
editor of his friend and biographer Thomas Gray and went on to compose the ‘The
English Garden’, a long poem in four books, completed in 1782. In 1785 he was
then Prime Minister, William Pitt the younger choice to become Poet Laureate,
but Mason refused.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Aspiring to be
a great dramatic writer by adapting the ancient Greek forms for the modern
stage, Elfrida was Mason’s first attempt but was seen as a failure. Mason was
also regarded as a notable artist and his work was shown at the Royal Academy
1782-1786. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Mason died on
7th April 1797, the result of an injury to his leg, sustained when stepping out
of his carriage. A monument to William Mason can be found in poet’s corner in,
the South Transept of Westminster Abbey, alongside individuals such as Robert
Burns, Emily, Charlotte and Ann Bronte, Lord Byron, Lewis Carol, Philip Larkin,
Jane Austen, William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde and William Wordsworth to name
but a few. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">If you’d like
to explore the works of William Mason, the History Centre holds the Mason Collection, a set of works by William Mason [Ref: L DFMW].<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Neil Chadwick</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br /></span></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-3691611898442896512023-01-25T10:30:00.009+00:002023-01-25T10:30:00.145+00:00 The Hull Burns Club<p>Robert Burns was a Scottish poet and lyricist. Born 25<sup>th</sup>
January 1759 he packed a lot in to his relatively short life and is widely
considered the national poet of Scotland. Events and clubs across the world
have been established to celebrate the life and works of Robert Burns.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSRYGBIZhJbtQ1vPyd1MkuXT7-V10Wg14KVqoK0lmU0SC_6kA9RFf_Vhn3BXHBxwKCbrNnpCMTeEvLM2_nMN02jetLdbKEiaJdSP5bTsdFw4K81pwJyLianAngoIwX-yPmTpiATGWMOKBa0UNJm9cwxFrjAlYvho-X-j8VmNXDNkOYWCANLK5y04k/s3714/Burns.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2673" data-original-width="3714" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSRYGBIZhJbtQ1vPyd1MkuXT7-V10Wg14KVqoK0lmU0SC_6kA9RFf_Vhn3BXHBxwKCbrNnpCMTeEvLM2_nMN02jetLdbKEiaJdSP5bTsdFw4K81pwJyLianAngoIwX-yPmTpiATGWMOKBa0UNJm9cwxFrjAlYvho-X-j8VmNXDNkOYWCANLK5y04k/s320/Burns.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;">Greetings </span>sent to the Hull Burns Club from Ayr Burns Club on the <br />anniversary of Robert Burns birth,reference C DSBU/1/4</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">At the Hull History Centre, we have recently had the
pleasure of adding a collection of minute books relating to the Hull Burns Club
to our collections. The Hull Burns Club was established on 2</span><sup style="text-align: left;">nd</sup><span style="text-align: left;">
January 1863. According to records of the Burns Federation as stated in a
history of the club given in a speech by Mr. Spiers at a member’s night in
March 1920 the Hull Burns Club was the oldest club this side of the border. The
object of the club at its formation was to disseminate as much as was possible
the works of Robert Burns among his own countrymen resident in Hull as well as
its traditions and history. In its early history, meetings of the Hull Burns
Club were held quarterly at the Builders Arms, Cogan Street and was customarily
preceded by a tripe and leg of mutton supper which was referred to as “a full
and ample repast” for which 1s. 6d. was charged. A dinner dance took place in
January each year to coincide with the birth of Robert Burns.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnsvKuSJJFjnqaW1kwPEJeDvhTQMfeWwtcuWIJixJCz9u3WRZP83I_ba8zHX2Ea92WSiE3InNG9bpGRfyFR4dx-1GIoZZRz2ujrfPOKK7aOxqiHmRE1ieyVKjI1m9N-JFVz2kw6iZRw46whp13yU8TeiUnCArrxVIk5X6pj67XdVTjh39NWb3OmvU/s1845/Burns%20Club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1193" data-original-width="1845" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnsvKuSJJFjnqaW1kwPEJeDvhTQMfeWwtcuWIJixJCz9u3WRZP83I_ba8zHX2Ea92WSiE3InNG9bpGRfyFR4dx-1GIoZZRz2ujrfPOKK7aOxqiHmRE1ieyVKjI1m9N-JFVz2kw6iZRw46whp13yU8TeiUnCArrxVIk5X6pj67XdVTjh39NWb3OmvU/s320/Burns%20Club.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;">Article from the Eastern Morning News, March 20, 1920,<br />regarding liquor and the gauge of enjoyment at the meetings</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">At the beginning of the Club’s history the yearly
subscription was just one shilling. It was necessary, however, to pay for a
collector to gather in outstanding debts and consequently a rule was passed
that any member proposing a new member had to pay that person’s entrance fee
and first year’s subscription. In 1878 the subscription was raised to 2s. 6d.
and was followed by a great reduction in membership. The Club disbanded. It is
unclear from the minute books exactly when the Club disbanded as they include
minutes up to 22 April 1886 (reference C DSBU/1/1) but do not mention the
winding down of the Club. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In April 1892, the Hull Burns Club was reformed. An
anniversary dinner was promoted and carried out with success and the following
day a few gentlemen that had attended the dinner met at the Imperial Hotel in
Hull and agreed to reform the late Burns Club on a firmer and wider basis. A
notice was placed in the Eastern Morning News the next day and an informal
meeting on 5<sup>th</sup> April 1892 kicked off the proceedings of the reformed
Burns Club. Members were encouraged to recommend friends and acquaintances to
join the Club.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVhfnMnrve3yaPcMPKBNsKHhDTvu8khZz5L0YLQyahQjs9klkwTrLzeq_lMDhb0kBqiN_g09nWweExny-xGBBbIUY7za3nIwHJ2Pw-tldT4dZw9HHpRaGChrJOZoXa-hhCR8ebD820mOCVheTb_yoQ9M7kOivSTMMZcDDxSMp-dhUvDtuUdixcnY/s4006/Burns%20collection.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2851" data-original-width="4006" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVhfnMnrve3yaPcMPKBNsKHhDTvu8khZz5L0YLQyahQjs9klkwTrLzeq_lMDhb0kBqiN_g09nWweExny-xGBBbIUY7za3nIwHJ2Pw-tldT4dZw9HHpRaGChrJOZoXa-hhCR8ebD820mOCVheTb_yoQ9M7kOivSTMMZcDDxSMp-dhUvDtuUdixcnY/s320/Burns%20collection.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: left;">Minute books of the Hull Burns Club, reference C DSBU</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>The reformed Club increased its meetings from quarterly to
monthly meetings. The objective of the Club also broadened to promote literary
and musical meetings and entertainments at which the writings and songs of
Robert Burns and other National poets were rendered. Entertainments included papers
read at meetings, concerts, whist drives and dinner dances. The Club was
popular and membership steadily increased. For many years the Hull Burns Club
held a prominent place in the social and literary life of the city. Members
continued to be put forward for recommendation to join the Club. On 10<sup>th</sup>
December 1937, 15 new members were put forward to the Executive Council for
recommendation but just a few months later on 4<sup>th</sup> March 1938 the
Treasurer reported an estimated loss of £50 for the season which led to the
decision that owing to the decline of support the Hull Burns Club would be
regretfully wound up. The final meeting of the Executive Council was held on 20<sup>th</sup>
May 1938 in the Grosvenor Hotel in Hull when the final debts of the Club was
settled, and the Club officially disbanded.<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p></div>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-64137143835847280202022-12-19T12:00:00.007+00:002022-12-19T12:00:00.157+00:00Christmas with a difference.....<p><i>Fancy Christmas with a
difference this year</i>? How about a
trip to <b><i>Christmas Sound</i></b>, <i>Tierra
del Fuego</i> and follow in the footsteps of the legendary Captain <i>James Cook</i> [Image 1].</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjzTkzNYWzdkHuXPNfUZDsPc1zjGhQSa53GH5ysrmTyIJwbXfGO_YJZhAul_gIW0LcTcc_Yhm6RGScjA_62Fj3Bpiv7MGmDevyvx6g0MoaakTrEcdyPiPIkt0EMkd0lLwcU89mB3u5MBXzFl6wnnL97fQb6jBmy2n84VF7pT-ShxPD_0DCoQdt8uBQ=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1388" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjzTkzNYWzdkHuXPNfUZDsPc1zjGhQSa53GH5ysrmTyIJwbXfGO_YJZhAul_gIW0LcTcc_Yhm6RGScjA_62Fj3Bpiv7MGmDevyvx6g0MoaakTrEcdyPiPIkt0EMkd0lLwcU89mB3u5MBXzFl6wnnL97fQb6jBmy2n84VF7pT-ShxPD_0DCoQdt8uBQ=w244-h360" width="244" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image I - Christmas Sound, Tierra del Fuego</td></tr></tbody></table><p>December 1774 saw <b>Captain
Cook</b> and his crew on the waters off Tierra del Fuego. This archipelago at the southernmost tip of
South America was given the name Tierra del Fuego [land of fire] by passing
Spanish explorers who observed bonfires lit by local native inhabitants.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Captain Cook’s</b>
expedition surveyed this area from 20 to 28 December 1774, and made a detailed
record of their observations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Local
Studies collection at the Hull History Centre is fortunate enough to have all
THREE voyages of Captain James Cook. This includes three volumes relating to
Cook’s circumnavigation of the globe [published in 1773], two volumes relating
to Cook’s voyage towards the South Pole [published 1777] and three volumes
relating to Cook’s voyages in the Pacific Ocean published in 1785.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The account of the observations from Tierra del Fuego can be
found in Captain Cook’s Second Voyage, Volume Two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They anchored off-shore on the 21 December and
set out to explore and survey the surrounding area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were two shooting parties who were
successful in hunting geese and shags for the crew to eat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Captain Cook noted that:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">For that I was able
to make distribution to the whole crew, which was more acceptable on account of
the approaching Festival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For, had not
providence thus singularly provided for us, our Christmas cheer must have been
salt beef and pork</i>” [Image 2]<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlFMEKQ8_uWLNTcSRNXORD0W_fRnaS4AgyaxqtgqWjwNvCu9LVp9uJRu0ydDn8779GF-wQ-Kz0EbjHYdASsBbIrQKUIgxDsvGIIKFU7BmlJImjzn6HHrzAyhDW4spGop-AvUgEYuMSAaHXuYFst03DJhUXlio2OX15Xtb3Zd6FcLyut_OUOcAzDkY=s2601" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="2601" height="74" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlFMEKQ8_uWLNTcSRNXORD0W_fRnaS4AgyaxqtgqWjwNvCu9LVp9uJRu0ydDn8779GF-wQ-Kz0EbjHYdASsBbIrQKUIgxDsvGIIKFU7BmlJImjzn6HHrzAyhDW4spGop-AvUgEYuMSAaHXuYFst03DJhUXlio2OX15Xtb3Zd6FcLyut_OUOcAzDkY=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2 - salt beef and pork</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Christmas day</b> found the crew partaking of their Christmas
cheer – they had not experienced such fare for some time. James Cook wrote that:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Roast and boiled
geese, goose-pie & c. was a treat little known to us; and we had yet some
Madeira wine left, which was the only article in our provision that was mended
by keeping.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So that our friends in
England did not, perhaps, celebrate Christmas more cheerfully than we did</i>”
[Image 3]<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijAlUh4SMwJg5KCz7LsFyqntcug01J1kkz2Ho14wAvirLyLHJVDwGFFki15VhDvZh9XqH5zAFN_tMGZ8ZbxXNNmN1Dh2WcXSjRH2Ozy9wkLCi2eb_8BX5ZbBCPXZsLen0A7UrU2BVuy4VCBApsFEZvyCFaTcfA7VwLTAFBU6cDWiKc7hSjaiQhhqA=s2040" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="2040" height="83" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijAlUh4SMwJg5KCz7LsFyqntcug01J1kkz2Ho14wAvirLyLHJVDwGFFki15VhDvZh9XqH5zAFN_tMGZ8ZbxXNNmN1Dh2WcXSjRH2Ozy9wkLCi2eb_8BX5ZbBCPXZsLen0A7UrU2BVuy4VCBApsFEZvyCFaTcfA7VwLTAFBU6cDWiKc7hSjaiQhhqA=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 3 - Christmas Day fare</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">On the 27<sup>th</sup> December, out of gratitude for the
abundance of Christmas fare that his crew had enjoyed, James Cook decided to
name the place where the Christmas festival was celebrated “<b><i>Christmas
Sound</i></b>”.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When I returned on
board, I found everything got off the Shore: so that we now only wanted for a
wind to put to sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The festival, which
we celebrated at this place, occasioned my giving it the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Christmas Sound</b></i>.” [Image 4]<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhb2wMb6FErlZuZuIkhtFxT7c3bcFpt0I76MTpSFPpT_6PxIf7Cv7SUJdo6bdC9hIpvyzddt8iLlw3CxM7Z9wb5gdqrlM8Qby6FN8sJCiWF5_Q2HfiLRQ0yhOGjydTQFNdPJyep0Rl_ElN9qhPJ0VzPA9oSBE7KBIiFKTYusmYgMCiXkQXERYBnih0=s2109" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="2109" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhb2wMb6FErlZuZuIkhtFxT7c3bcFpt0I76MTpSFPpT_6PxIf7Cv7SUJdo6bdC9hIpvyzddt8iLlw3CxM7Z9wb5gdqrlM8Qby6FN8sJCiWF5_Q2HfiLRQ0yhOGjydTQFNdPJyep0Rl_ElN9qhPJ0VzPA9oSBE7KBIiFKTYusmYgMCiXkQXERYBnih0=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 4 - Naming of 'Christmas Sound' by Captain Cook</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">No matter where you in the world you are celebrating, have a
happy and joyful Christmas.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Caoimhe West, Reader Assistant, Unlocking the Treasures
Project<o:p></o:p></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-85406231685867055472022-12-09T12:00:00.003+00:002022-12-09T12:00:00.166+00:00 Hull and it’s Friendship Christmas Trees, the early years<p>Today, the Christmas Tree in Hull’s Queen Victoria Square has
become a very recognisable part of our city’s Christmas celebrations. This
tradition goes back to the early years after WWII, when people and cities across
Europe were reaching out to build bridges and develop friendship links. Using
the council minutes, additional council records within C TMM/1/27 and the Hull
Daily Mail, the early years of these trees are chronicled here:-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1949<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hull's first Friendship
Christmas Tree was from Ǻlesund (Aalesund), Norway who beat Haugesund to it.
The gift was arranged by the resident Norwegian Consul in Hull, Mr T.A.
Gjertsen. It was only the second gift of a tree to the United Kingdom, the first
being for London. The tree was erected in Queens Gardens unlike the previous year when
it had been on King Edward Street, which was unavailable, as it was being
redeveloped. It was switched on by 18-year-old Aase Steffenssen, the daughter
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ǻlesund Councillor Sigurd
Steffenssen. Aase was in the UK studying English in Hertfordshire at the time.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqEZzN3bu8hU1BWdvYeSBfi_Z6pXCkpuAaWFB0JP4Evj4ofQ3jbn4juV3wiLfV51HP1euQ8r4gy9aP2B90BfJAVIqPW38L03vwBbBl9xu9g6yEpZjoVNB-QNjSq8PAqqvxK76IxlPENjhfkZObhajjchGC9aqIBLBB8AGVoNIeT_UmQOC6uNXHugs/s2353/HDM%2024%2012%201949.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2353" data-original-width="1058" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqEZzN3bu8hU1BWdvYeSBfi_Z6pXCkpuAaWFB0JP4Evj4ofQ3jbn4juV3wiLfV51HP1euQ8r4gy9aP2B90BfJAVIqPW38L03vwBbBl9xu9g6yEpZjoVNB-QNjSq8PAqqvxK76IxlPENjhfkZObhajjchGC9aqIBLBB8AGVoNIeT_UmQOC6uNXHugs/s320/HDM%2024%2012%201949.jpg" width="144" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing">Lights switched
on, from the Hull Daily Mail 24th December 1949</p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">1950<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Another Christmas Tree from Ǻlesund
(Aalesund), Norway, brought over by Councillor S. Krabbe Knudsen. Again, they
beat Haugesund to it. Erected in Queens Gardens and described as the Friendship
Tree.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">1952<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Ǻlesund (Aalesund),
Norway erected in Queens Gardens and only set up and switched-on on Christmas
Eve, due to unforeseen delays.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">1953<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Sweden but purchased from
Billingham Urban District Council after they had transport problems. Lights were switched on on the 18<sup>th</sup> December.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">1954<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>52ft Christmas Tree from Helsinki (listed as Helsingfors,
the Swedish version of the name, in the council minutes), Finland, along with a
Finnish woman’s national dress costume. This was worn at the presentation by
the then 24-year-old English language student, Kirsti Salakoski. The tree was officially
presented by the Finnish Consul, Ambrose Good and switched-on the 17<sup>th </sup>of December. In return for the tree, Hull hoped to give Helsinki 50 white rose
bushes.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFlgRL8kcu2---YuMT0O5svYqBITR57EK1-WOq3INaP9e8Fhs2Eb8dlPkUWOFlZAGJeNt_5pn6DgYXa3_Tc124pLVGH4OD0icoOL-QxDZMIt9h7YhuJNHlXJqfjjw3cHDP7qMOpMq78LaCGruTLeY4NwRsBxM4NHp7x5EyJ4ZvALToDtjvZSdPs24/s1575/HDM%2018%20Dec%201954.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="862" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFlgRL8kcu2---YuMT0O5svYqBITR57EK1-WOq3INaP9e8Fhs2Eb8dlPkUWOFlZAGJeNt_5pn6DgYXa3_Tc124pLVGH4OD0icoOL-QxDZMIt9h7YhuJNHlXJqfjjw3cHDP7qMOpMq78LaCGruTLeY4NwRsBxM4NHp7x5EyJ4ZvALToDtjvZSdPs24/s320/HDM%2018%20Dec%201954.jpg" width="175" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hull Daily Mail 18th December 1954</td></tr></tbody></table><br />
<p class="MsoNormal">1955<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree
from Aalborg, Denmark.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">1956<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree presented by Dr V.W.D. Hale of
the Britain-Norden Society and grown on the estate of Maj. P.M. Stewart in
Pocklington and erected in Queens Gardens, 11<sup>th</sup> December 1956.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -72pt;">1957<span style="text-indent: -72pt;">-1958</span><span style="text-indent: -72pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -72pt;">Like 1956, there were no foreign trees in
these years, but there was still a tree in Queens<br /></span><span style="text-indent: -72pt;">Gardens in 1957 and in the flower
beds at Paragon Street and Jameson Street in 1958.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -72pt;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">1959<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Haugesund, Norway.
Haugesund had tried to send one back in 1949-1950 but had been beaten to it by
Ǻlesund. A 30ft tree, sited at the corner of Buckingham Street and Holderness
Road and lit up on the 8<sup>th</sup> December, again by the Norwegian Consul,
Mr T. A. Gjertsen, who had done the same 10 years earlier. Like 1954, in return
for the tree, a few months later, Hull gave Haugesund 120 white rose bushes.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyXSyVSK9Psjc_zjrlIO-iK4SQxIyQz6RnvVSr7vCc_kwaxASPq_zkjilisMyuIoOy8PPA0qM94gotgaHjjcpuEuibEziqJHNyWW6bzuG56lqPyTl4jcR5oJ63mP-KzbDPCgvSci-ZlE02GbGqZvaBlEFf39gzx1Y32SWxu74tvLO4CxhYfBmMLcg/s1624/HDM%20%201959.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1624" data-original-width="805" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyXSyVSK9Psjc_zjrlIO-iK4SQxIyQz6RnvVSr7vCc_kwaxASPq_zkjilisMyuIoOy8PPA0qM94gotgaHjjcpuEuibEziqJHNyWW6bzuG56lqPyTl4jcR5oJ63mP-KzbDPCgvSci-ZlE02GbGqZvaBlEFf39gzx1Y32SWxu74tvLO4CxhYfBmMLcg/s320/HDM%20%201959.jpg" width="159" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hull Daily Mail 8th December 1959</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="text-indent: -35.45pt;">1960</span><span style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -35.45pt;">No mention of a large tree, only small ones
in various parks.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">1961<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Haugesund, Norway. No switching
on ceremony that year as the weather was too inclement. Tree sited at the corner
of Paragon Street and Prospect Street.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">1962<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Norway mentioned. Tree at
the corner of Paragon Street and King Edward Street.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">1963<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Haugesund, Norway. Tree
at the corner of Paragon Street and King Edward Street, same site as last year.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">1964<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas Tree from Haugesund, Norway. This
was to be the last as changes in legislation brought in by Ministry of
Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF) under the Plant Varieties and Seeds Act,
1964 meant a licence would be required from the Forestry Commission which was
going to cause issues.<br /><span style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">How did the City Council get these trees from Europe? Delivery
of the first tree, in 1949, was arranged by the Honorary Consul for Norway in
Hull, Thomas A. Gjertson. But a note in the council minutes in 1957 gives us a
clue as to the source of some of the others, as the Area Officer of the British
Council reported that he had no knowledge of any offers of trees that year.
This suggests the British Council, the UK’s international organisation for
cultural relations and educational opportunities, was involved in the process
as well on occasions. However it was arranged, the Christmas Trees were
immensely popular and as well as providing some brightness during the festive
period, they perhaps captured the spirit of the times, a sense of hope after
difficult years.</p>
<pre><span style="mso-fareast-language: NO-BOK;">With thanks to Øystein Jonassen (Rogaland Municipal Archives), </span>Juho Salonen
(Helsinki Archives) and <span lang="NO-BOK" style="mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">Andri Jonsson (Møre and Romsdal Archives) and the
Hull Daily Mail.</span></pre>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language: NO-BOK;">Paul Leaver<br /></span>Archivist/Librarian</p><br /><p></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-84793046379852552252022-11-01T12:00:00.003+00:002022-11-01T12:00:00.163+00:00Spencer Perceval - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - born this day in History [1 November 1762]<p><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Assassination of
the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 11 May
1812</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spencer Perceval</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, the Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></b>has the dubious honour of being
remembered as the only British Prime Minister to die at the hands of an
assassin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was shot and killed in the
parliamentary lobby in the House of Commons on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">11 May 1812 by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">John Bellingham</b></i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panic
quickly spread around parliament.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
response was understandable and searches were immediately made to ascertain if
the murder was an isolated incident or the start of general rioting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Britain, at
this time, was in the throes of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Napoleonic Wars</i></b> [18 May 1803-20 Nov
1812] along with the threat of war with the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">United State</i></b>s over
British restrictions on US Trade [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">War of 1812</i> -18 Jun 1812-17 Feb
1815].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">On the
domestic front, the general population, sick and tired of corruption in high
places, had been rallying around the leadership of the wealthy and charismatic
radical MP, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sir Francis Burdett</i></b>. The parliamentarians were mindful that it
could be a supporter of his or a second movement, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Luddites</i></b>, which had
spread from Nottinghamshire the previous spring. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Followers of
the mythical “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ned Ludd</i>” had engaged
in a range of creative and sometimes violent protest around both machinery and
individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Less than two weeks before
this assassination, the Luddites had murdered a Mill owner, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">William
Horsfall</i></b>, in West Yorkshire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Whilst many
across the country were horrified about the assassination, there were
celebrations in the streets in places such as Nottingham and Leeds. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Napoleonic
Wars</i></b> had resulted in widespread poverty and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Perceval’s</i> death was a cause for rejoicing in the worst affected
parts of the country.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It quickly
transpired that the assassin, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John Bellingham</i></b>, had worked alone
although future historians have questioned this assertion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They argue that Bellingham could have been
acting on behalf of a consortium of Liverpool traders hostile to Percival’s
economic policies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgq4xy_UjdEz6XVgnRRFMyHK7UYN6zg2isL4F1gz8Fz8qEqvzReoKIrTFH2OdkIOndMR6H0PoEIyHwDCokaMCuPz6x4Mf6ut41MBaJNz9CJZmT6HRFeFklpnOGnjgjUeqNUzCDArM40rFoUDAP4iR899CVRc5ZJbPxNBj2Q-IUmTq8YX9J4VL64wcs=s828" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="828" data-original-width="621" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgq4xy_UjdEz6XVgnRRFMyHK7UYN6zg2isL4F1gz8Fz8qEqvzReoKIrTFH2OdkIOndMR6H0PoEIyHwDCokaMCuPz6x4Mf6ut41MBaJNz9CJZmT6HRFeFklpnOGnjgjUeqNUzCDArM40rFoUDAP4iR899CVRc5ZJbPxNBj2Q-IUmTq8YX9J4VL64wcs=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 1 - Profile of John Bellingham from L.004SMI</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">John Bellingham</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, a merchant, shot <i>Perceval</i> through the heart in protest at
what <i>Bellingham</i> saw as the unjust
refusal of the government to assist him when he was wrongly imprisoned in
Russia, or to award him any compensation [Image 1]. He had been arrested in <i>Archange</i>l in Russia for debt in 1804 and after five years in
prison, he returned to England wanting justice.
He felt that he had tried every avenue open to him to no avail and the
only solution he could see was to assassinate the <i>Prime Minister</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">His presence
in the House of Commons Lobby that fateful day caused no suspicion as he had
made several recent visits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
an eye witness, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bellingham</b> could
have easily evaded justice by walking quickly out into the street during the
initial commotion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, he sat
quietly on a bench.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When asked why he
had committed the act, he replied that he was rectifying a demand for Justice
on the part of the Government.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The trial of
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John Bellingham</i> was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">extremely swift</i> and he was found guilty
on 15 May 1812 [a mere <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">five </b><b>days</b>
after the assassination] and was executed at Newgate prison <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">three days later</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People argued that his hasty trial, judgement
and execution were contrary to the principles of Justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Certainly his mental state should have been
taken into consideration at the very least.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At his trial he was judged to be legally responsible for his actions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh3bNy93z6bPDWakWlWpCw9ikQb5D7K8nnssq-_yOI3B4qB23U1HCL5R1vqXp8_XgMolzKhdRXsEvtfgGdNOl6jkRaRDaOJRl5LaNtaww_shM1pJXhkGajRnc6wZKo5kyDxVWfo8juVqnLD4xKp8XovscX0LRgfD3iB15nOvUm445cpih3l2zy_UW4=s828" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="828" data-original-width="621" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh3bNy93z6bPDWakWlWpCw9ikQb5D7K8nnssq-_yOI3B4qB23U1HCL5R1vqXp8_XgMolzKhdRXsEvtfgGdNOl6jkRaRDaOJRl5LaNtaww_shM1pJXhkGajRnc6wZKo5kyDxVWfo8juVqnLD4xKp8XovscX0LRgfD3iB15nOvUm445cpih3l2zy_UW4=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2 - Front leaf from L.004SMI<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Amongst the
Local Studies collection, we house <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">two</i>
books on the subject - </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L.004 PEC
– “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The trial of John Bellingham for the
wilful Murder of Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, 11 May 1812</i>” and L.004 SMI “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A full report of the Trials of John
Bellingham” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></b>[Image 2].<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They both offer a fascinating and detail account of the trial
as well as commemorating an infamous and ignominious event in British history</span>.<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caoimhe West, Reader
Assistant, Unlocking the Treasures Project<o:p></o:p></i></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-29113500885055279102022-10-13T12:00:00.020+01:002022-10-13T12:00:00.165+01:00Queen Victoria's visit to Hull<p> "<b><i>The Queen’s visit to
Hull, Friday, and Saturday, October the 13<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup>, 1854,
arranged, with considerable additions</i>” by James Smith [L.9.7081]</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Local Studies collection houses four copies of this
pamphlet, but one copy in particular caught my attention since it also contains
memorabilia from the actual visit itself – including a General Pass ticket to
the Railway Station, a dinner invitation in Honour of Her Majesty’s Visit to
Hull, at the Station Hotel [image 1], and a menu [image 2]. Where a name has
been completed, it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mr Ivatts</i>. Who
he is or whether he gave the memorabilia to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mr
Smith</i> or had the copy bound with his ephemera of the visit remains a
mystery. However, it was a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Miss Ivatts</i>
who was responsible for receiving the Royal Guests at “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Station Hotel</i>” and was ordered by Queen Victoria to be in
attendance during her visit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems
probable that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mr Ivatts</i> was a
relative of this <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Miss Ivatts</i>.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOMijhpxzORnCxmAMyoJVCfoQ7O86Zdov49ohbDwIyjqzFq0sUhNmIN2wIpt3RFaWIlLNZeeaF5DCJfPVX-eYq1eizfla8uY2Bx4nSkRRHau-Cci2KCav5qsB2gk_f2V5VwlZ4DY004V1g238fkeD8qxW-FCefh-g6bvAADoPs3RBY6MQe9DvJ5qE=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1373" data-original-width="2048" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOMijhpxzORnCxmAMyoJVCfoQ7O86Zdov49ohbDwIyjqzFq0sUhNmIN2wIpt3RFaWIlLNZeeaF5DCJfPVX-eYq1eizfla8uY2Bx4nSkRRHau-Cci2KCav5qsB2gk_f2V5VwlZ4DY004V1g238fkeD8qxW-FCefh-g6bvAADoPs3RBY6MQe9DvJ5qE=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 1 - Dinner Invitation in honour of Her Majesty's visit to Hull</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">The booklet is evocative of the time and the author, <i>James Smith</i>, was obviously a fan of
Queen Victoria and the Royal family –</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Royal progresses are
events which form some of the most agreeable pages in the history of our
country. But there are none of them which will be read of with greater pleasure
by future generations than those of her present Majesty. More gorgeous may have
been the state in which previous monarchs have travelled – but never in any
age, or under any circumstances did crowned head receive more sincere welcome
than her Majesty obtains wherever she goes</i>.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There may have been criticism of the cost of the visit since
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Smith </i>continues:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">She comes not amongst
us to impoverish our resources: but she comes to give an impulse to our trade –
to make herself personally acquainted with our local position and advantages –
and we feel that in doing so she is exhibiting her sense of identity of
interest that exists between us</i>.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the Hull City Archives, there is a file of material
relating to this Royal visit to Hull which included a detailed analysis of
expenses of the trip to the City of Hull [C TCRE/11/26]. This included the
hiring of carriages for the Royal party along with bell ringers, illuminations,
flags, triumphal arches and medals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
total cost was calculated to be just over £4,032. Today that works out at approximately
£450,000.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is clear from the book that this Royal visit was, to some
degree, a “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spur of the moment</i>” event –<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">As most of our
readers will be aware, the notice of her Majesty’s gracious intention to honour
Hull with her presence was only received by the Mayor on Thursday, last week,
so that there was little time for preparation</i>.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, there had been a planned visit in the previous year
which had been cancelled.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fortunately, however,
the committee which was appointed by the council last year, on the occasion of
the then anticipated visit of the Queen, to arrange all the preliminaries, was
still in existence, and instantly on the receipt of Sir George Grey’s letter,
the members of it were summoned and commenced work forthwith. A meeting was at once
held, and various sub-committees appointed – one to superintend the works
necessary to be carries out – another to attend the illuminations; a third to
arrange the proceedings generally; and so on</i>.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The author does go into much detail on the meticulous
planning that had to be undertaken throughout Hull in a very short time. The
Royal party were staying at “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Station
Hotel</i>” and the minutiae of the preparations and decorations of both the
Railway Station [where the party would alight] and “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Station Hotel</i>” are noted.<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwN6G9MCJeFP2Do72n3M9mIuFDV8gg1XF8ntb9veQVWOSfVtapSnscheVgaYz4XlaZjDP0kfs6CntB_inhy83ND6a8icSSqmkHy4aojcc6R8_3advCDn7FoQYbK9F1Ysu7JnSqBQuxrgSGSJrb5LVkwCqgYrDaeCTqkoq_j29_0qiSoCCU5Vo53fo=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwN6G9MCJeFP2Do72n3M9mIuFDV8gg1XF8ntb9veQVWOSfVtapSnscheVgaYz4XlaZjDP0kfs6CntB_inhy83ND6a8icSSqmkHy4aojcc6R8_3advCDn7FoQYbK9F1Ysu7JnSqBQuxrgSGSJrb5LVkwCqgYrDaeCTqkoq_j29_0qiSoCCU5Vo53fo=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2 - Menu from Station Hotel Dinner</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">The booklet also contains copies of the addresses handed to
the Royal party during their stay [seven in total] and details of the number of
boys, girls and teachers by individual schools that lined the Royal procession
through Hull.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The author makes much of how crowded the streets were to see
the Royal party –<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">You saw them
gathering from every quarter in such numbers that ordinary residents in the
town were almost led to wonder where they all have come from. Country cousins
has come upon us like locusts</i>”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Interestingly, Smith noted that “t<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he annual visit of the Hull fair was postponed for a day so to enable
our visitors to see the Queen.</i>”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Royal tour through Hull and visits to various
establishments are highlighted in this volume in a colourful and descriptive
manner but some of it, seen though modern days eyes, leaves a sour taste in the
mouth:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Each school bore its
banner with some appropriate device. The one which struck us most as being at
once in the best taste and well-conceived, was the banner borne by the
workhouse children, which bore the inscription “<u>Poor, but loyal</u></i>”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Royal party left Hull on the Royal Yacht, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fairy</i>”, from the Pier in order to travel
to Grimsby for her next engagement. Prior to her embarking on board, Queen
Victoria chose to knight the Mayor of Hull in what appears to have been a
spontaneous decision as a “thank you” for hosting such a successful Royal
visit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Henry Cooper</i>, Mayor became “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sir
Henry Cooper</i>”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The author concluded that:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It has been remarked
that the triumphal arch at Whitefriargate Bridge, under which her Majesty
passed, stood within a foot of the site of the Beverley Gate, from whence
Charles I, was repulsed, What a difference! At no spot on her Majesty’s line of
route did she receive warmer salutations or heartier greetings than here</i>”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This volume harks back to a by-gone age which I suspect we
may never see again.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caoimhe West, Reader
Assistant, “Unlocking the Treasure Project”<o:p></o:p></i></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-70618716198350143882022-09-06T10:30:00.032+01:002022-09-06T10:30:00.205+01:00Thomas Carling and the brewing empire that bears his name<p><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Hull
and the East Riding has a rich, diverse, and fascinating history. Many are
aware of William Wilberforce and his campaign to abolish slavery, or the
refusal by Sir John Hotham to admit Charles I to Hull. You may recall from an
earlier </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Unlocking the Treasure’s</i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> blog,
the lesser-known account of Luke Foxe, a Hull born mariner whose quest was to
seek the Northwest Passage, and while ending in failure, his voyage would
enable later mariners and adventures to expand of Foxe’s voyage, which eventually
led to the traversing of the passage during the early 20th century. Another
less well known, but equally fascinating story we’ve come across while working on
the Unlocking the Treasures project is that of Thomas Carling.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Thomas
was born in June 1797 at Etton, four miles north-west of Beverley. In 1818, aged
21, he emigrated to Canada, settling in Ontario, where he would eventually go
on to establish the brewery that bore his name ‘Carling’ in 1840. This is the
story of Thomas Carling, the East Yorkshire man behind one of the world’s recognised
brands of lager.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSQGQX503JX20Nw7-wH1li27w0qfrDglW39_lZiGAjQPMc4_zA6nTwCMPwnB8-ueIhK5u0pR3YmszZ9PuF2RwFjUBVVUCW9MSmOmiGgIEiNYh31PqoWEceWa-moS8FMucv5R4iYNBTKrMDsToRnlN5o-NYCT-8Q6uR7QXIwXeVO-YNhp-mPDN_Qww/s4016/Etton%20Church%201867.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2752" data-original-width="4016" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSQGQX503JX20Nw7-wH1li27w0qfrDglW39_lZiGAjQPMc4_zA6nTwCMPwnB8-ueIhK5u0pR3YmszZ9PuF2RwFjUBVVUCW9MSmOmiGgIEiNYh31PqoWEceWa-moS8FMucv5R4iYNBTKrMDsToRnlN5o-NYCT-8Q6uR7QXIwXeVO-YNhp-mPDN_Qww/w400-h274/Etton%20Church%201867.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Interior of St. Mary's Church, Etton, 1867. It was here on 4 Jun 1797 that Thomas Carling was baptised <br />[Ref: Lp.726.5(62) E/1]</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Thomas
was the son of William and Margaret Carling of Etton. The family came from
humble origins. His father, William was a farm labourer. As a young lad Thomas
would have learned the necessary skills from his father in farming and its
practices, something which was to serve Thomas well in his adult life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">At
the time Thomas was born, Britain was going through a period on unprecedented
change brought about by industrialisation, including in agriculture, which
itself was experiencing a revolution in farming and its techniques. At the time
landowners were, had they had since the later seventeenth century, acquiring
vast swathes of land. And those that had farmed the land for generations were
becoming displaced. As a result, many workers relocated to the rapidly growing industrial
towns and cities of industrial Britain. The Carling’s, however, came through
this largely unscathed, remaining at Etton. Thomas’ father, William even became
a farmer in his own right. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">At
the same time opportunities aboard were increasing. Many sought opportunities
and a better life in places such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada.
Newspapers advertised for young men to help build such countries, and for
Thomas, Canada came calling. So in May, 1818, Thomas set sail from Hull to
Canada.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgizmvXQaoI3Dg89XTjyLQ3FboxoFfa80tOQOwBPqNLR0C-eocCgSvKUiH1izvq63DbNVTLp8MIyl888nJzMP74sFcPsnccuGajWU_95fidUCuh0uH54nnO0-9WHPjdiqZ5VKfI8u36djGbxGNwS5nqNnVsc5UPumeJbzlP1KW70ISJsrEh1w-hxUs/s3975/The%20Humber%20from%20Wellington%20Street,%201817.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2699" data-original-width="3975" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgizmvXQaoI3Dg89XTjyLQ3FboxoFfa80tOQOwBPqNLR0C-eocCgSvKUiH1izvq63DbNVTLp8MIyl888nJzMP74sFcPsnccuGajWU_95fidUCuh0uH54nnO0-9WHPjdiqZ5VKfI8u36djGbxGNwS5nqNnVsc5UPumeJbzlP1KW70ISJsrEh1w-hxUs/w400-h271/The%20Humber%20from%20Wellington%20Street,%201817.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the Humber from Wellington Street, Hull in 1817. This is the view that would have greeted Thomas Carling on his voyage from Hull to Canada in 1818 <br />[Ref: Lp.9.7 WEL/3]</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Thomas
arrived in Canada around month or so later. The voyage was just the beginning
of his journey. Thomas would have continued his journey by foot and by boat to
London, Ontario. It was here that Thomas acquired rights for around 100 acres
of land. He then set about clearing and making good the land, which would have
involved the clearing of trees and the building of a dwelling, probably a log
cabin of some type in the vicinity of the township of London, which was a vast
remote area itself.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Within
a year, Thomas had not only put down his roots, but he also married Margaret
Routledge, daughter of a family that had emigrated to Canada. In 1824 Thomas
moved to a farm further south, and in 1839 he moved again, this time into the
town of London itself. It was from London that the origins of the Carling
Brewery began.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Prior
to this, Thomas had brewed beer as a farmer. It is reputed that when Thomas
emigrated he took his father recipe and began to brew privately for himself and
friends. It was custom for neighbouring farmers to help one another clear the
land, and presumably as a thank you Thomas provided food and refreshment. One
refreshment on the menu was said to have been Thomas’s home-brewed ale! Such
was its quality he began brewing more and more. In time it grew so popular that
it is said he eventually abandoned farming to take up brewing full-time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp3qGBNzrXBmOav3v925C1FURuHzqlkeXkje_U1_qxofKKV6U9DKCylwrg30_38jO-5xxalIInMPmPf_iNyEctGkSzqv5n9M4azS2atDSO_HLNBy-oC1uBvHiWX5hRJrf5_w3Jk8eMWnHFl3mTTDPku6XuvzP2DRMXM8FimBVu4v5j2jLQnDBWZpo/s695/Hull%20Advertiser%201832.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="695" data-original-width="309" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp3qGBNzrXBmOav3v925C1FURuHzqlkeXkje_U1_qxofKKV6U9DKCylwrg30_38jO-5xxalIInMPmPf_iNyEctGkSzqv5n9M4azS2atDSO_HLNBy-oC1uBvHiWX5hRJrf5_w3Jk8eMWnHFl3mTTDPku6XuvzP2DRMXM8FimBVu4v5j2jLQnDBWZpo/w285-h640/Hull%20Advertiser%201832.JPG" width="285" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Land for sale in Canada taken from the Hull Advertiser, 1832. <br />The Hull Advertiser is available on microfilm or via the public PCs at the Hull History Centre<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Whatever
the story, Thomas now saw his future in brewing and in 1840 opened his first
brewery. The early brewery was a fairly humble affair. Thomas had just two
kettles, a horse to turn the grinding mill and six men working the mashing
tubs. However, Thomas saw an opportunity. He sold beer to the soldiers at the
local military camp. Thomas was said to have also sold his beer on streets of
London, Ontario from a wheelbarrow.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
brewery grew under the direction of Thomas. Around 1850 his two sons, William
and John took over. Thomas took a back seat before eventually retiring. The
brewery grew from strength to strength, so much so that steam power replaced
horse power to meet demand. A new six-story brewery in the town built. Although
largely destroyed by fire not long after opening, brewing was only temporarily
halted before it once again resumed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Thomas
died in February 1880, aged 82 He had however, left his legacy in good hands.
His sons would forge their careers not only within the business but also away
from it. John, for example, went on to local politics, including serving as
Federal Agriculture Minister which saw him knighted by Queen Victoria in 1893. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The
Carling brewery continued to go from strength to strength, but the
business fell out of the family in the 1930s, and has changed owners numerous
times since. Today, owned Molson Coors, Carling lager is still one of the most
popular brands around. In the UK it sells around five million barrels a year making it the UK’s number one lager. However, it was from it humble
origins in East Yorkshire that the Carling brand began, all thanks to Thomas
Carling.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Neil Chadwick</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Librarian/Archivist </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-62273927515101034222022-08-09T09:26:00.003+01:002022-08-09T11:33:39.175+01:00Larkin: A childhood in 10 items<h2 style="text-align: left;">Introduction</h2><p>Over the past 6 months, we’ve been quietly working away behind the scenes to support researchers who are exploring aspects of poet Philip Larkin’s life in readiness for his centenary this month. Many of the enquiries we’ve received have focused on his work as a poet, his interest in jazz, and his relationships.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGEobjF8gr4qJw0Ei9dPINJT27SXQAi2PSQrSwyElcdRAmV1s8DmvaOpaYoJcR-p3VrMMNbbRe6muJry75h0Pd7Hu0eroyXiwdspIAKtp0UvP80or8NbaSfCV_sehLwWDDY7EDzVsIj0JPb_o0h1qeXSYyWDeQIeVV3jde1h4wEw9GpKAVV8eISG8/s3473/U%20DLV-2-1-14%20v2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3473" data-original-width="2353" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGEobjF8gr4qJw0Ei9dPINJT27SXQAi2PSQrSwyElcdRAmV1s8DmvaOpaYoJcR-p3VrMMNbbRe6muJry75h0Pd7Hu0eroyXiwdspIAKtp0UvP80or8NbaSfCV_sehLwWDDY7EDzVsIj0JPb_o0h1qeXSYyWDeQIeVV3jde1h4wEw9GpKAVV8eISG8/w434-h640/U%20DLV-2-1-14%20v2.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early self-portrait showing Larkin painting, 1940 [U DLV/2/1/14]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>But there is one area that has often been overlooked, Larkin’s childhood. Given that the 9th of August 2022 marks 100 years since his birth, we thought we’d take the opportunity and use this blog to explore his formative years. So please enjoy this brief history of Larkin’s childhood in 8 items…</p><div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Family</h2><p style="text-align: left;">This photograph shows Larkin’s mother and father, Eva and Sidney Larkin, sat reading in the garden.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJb6Vvt6VcFrjYG6qzsoaw4xMCw_VCXoExuu-SQfYJk7q034gndTMp9HfVhQmwzPX7FUgkFZoECIfE5xs6CjZyXrlm-oLu319h53rZT7btIpjvLDwcGEELV7LKpfKaIwD72gWhSLMqVgaUoYs7p_b-rG_cK-O2Ab_OYurw4LtW2_pRT8vKh0bQwWQ/s4017/U%20DLN-4-1%20readingingarden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4017" data-original-width="2961" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJb6Vvt6VcFrjYG6qzsoaw4xMCw_VCXoExuu-SQfYJk7q034gndTMp9HfVhQmwzPX7FUgkFZoECIfE5xs6CjZyXrlm-oLu319h53rZT7btIpjvLDwcGEELV7LKpfKaIwD72gWhSLMqVgaUoYs7p_b-rG_cK-O2Ab_OYurw4LtW2_pRT8vKh0bQwWQ/w472-h640/U%20DLN-4-1%20readingingarden.jpg" width="472" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photograph showing Sidney and Eva Larkin reading in the garden [U DLN/4/1]</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">Larkin was born at home on 9 August 1922. At this time, home was 2 Poultney Road, Coventry, where he lived with his father Sidney, his mother Eva and his sister Kitty. The family moved from Poultney Road to Penvorn, 1 Manor Road, Coventry, when Larkin was five years old. Kitty lived with the family until 1936, when she moved to Birmingham to study art, before relocating to Leicester to study to be a teacher. Once qualified, she moved to Loughborough where she worked at the college, met her husband and started a family.</p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><h2 style="text-align: left;">Home life</h2><p style="text-align: left;">In this letter to his childhood friend James ‘Jim’ Sutton, Larkin relates his experience of a typical conversation in the Larkin family home.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrWvezw12jQ2HO84TWbNLTDewh99ogygjbaoxT6PrImkqmZiHrkMCWHRyl3nf82cFbuosa1t_UBsuzFHsaBnp7YV_YbwaO1-_PkZRBaBwMiu7dYxn6za67H-PxzXmHAtvX3MrODtzV9vvXMZrIJF-x7PiaGxS-7qEikqozjlTkqqzm3BD3dQrCuFc/s4089/U%20DP174-2-9%20-%20Letter%20from%20Larkin%20to%20Jim%20(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4089" data-original-width="3097" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrWvezw12jQ2HO84TWbNLTDewh99ogygjbaoxT6PrImkqmZiHrkMCWHRyl3nf82cFbuosa1t_UBsuzFHsaBnp7YV_YbwaO1-_PkZRBaBwMiu7dYxn6za67H-PxzXmHAtvX3MrODtzV9vvXMZrIJF-x7PiaGxS-7qEikqozjlTkqqzm3BD3dQrCuFc/w484-h640/U%20DP174-2-9%20-%20Letter%20from%20Larkin%20to%20Jim%20(2).jpg" width="484" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letter from Larkin to James Sutton, 1940 [U DP174/2/9]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In his letters, Larkin often complained about family life, noting that the atmosphere is oppressive and stifling. Kitty was ten years older than Larkin, and so the siblings didn’t share much in common. Eva was a loving housewife and mother, but experienced depression and deferred to her husband in all major matters. Sidney was a well-read man, a quiet though dominant presence in family life. Whilst Larkin describes the household dynamic in less than favourable terms, it should be noted that his mother doted on her son, sending him care packages and letters once he left the family home for university. Also, his father was very supportive of his son’s interests, taking out a subscription to Down Beat magazine and purchasing a drum kit to encourage Larkin’s interest in jazz music. Indeed, Larkin’s own words and actions in later life showed that, though they frustrated him, he cared deeply for his family. </p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><h2 style="text-align: left;">Holidays</h2><p style="text-align: left;">This photograph, taken by his father Sidney, shows Larkin as a young boy, with his sister Kitty and his mother Eva, whilst at the beach on holiday.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguipO_aFNzODzGodhMR6EMsEMWQmvIHUbPo8MWIgbPcn-OCEdJfrezWEoD6HD05CwYAe7lHZ0r9aBwui380msAiCWKkYBoWNuHUt3ddI9cZG6BadsaEBv8NQvkWaIBYX6L_CPhYefbgD2VTs7cbchpH7ESPaHlqtfCwzQmGaioYVziRui3CPh49EY/s2497/U%20DLN-4-2-3%20onrock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2393" data-original-width="2497" height="614" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguipO_aFNzODzGodhMR6EMsEMWQmvIHUbPo8MWIgbPcn-OCEdJfrezWEoD6HD05CwYAe7lHZ0r9aBwui380msAiCWKkYBoWNuHUt3ddI9cZG6BadsaEBv8NQvkWaIBYX6L_CPhYefbgD2VTs7cbchpH7ESPaHlqtfCwzQmGaioYVziRui3CPh49EY/w640-h614/U%20DLN-4-2-3%20onrock.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photograph of Kitty, Philip and Eva on the beach whilst on holiday, c.1932 [U DLN/4/3]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Most of the Larkin family’s holidays were spent at places around the UK, including Sidmouth and South Gower, Wales, usually by the coast or in the countryside. Twice, in 1936 and 1937, Larkin was taken to Germany on holiday by his father, who was an admirer of the administrative policies of the Nazi regime. In letters to friends, Larkin notes that he did not enjoy his time in Germany, except for one instance when he describes seeing a group of jazz musicians. Perhaps these early experiences informed his later preferences of holidaying at home rather than abroad.</p></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">School</h2><p style="text-align: left;">Larkin attended King Henry VIII Preparatory School, Coventry, from Sep 1930 to 1932, at which time he moved up to the senior school.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWJUfBtntduyX5U6xGeOgs2oA5ZQjXnP-uJiZhLU3AxP7H2OosapvwO7xXu-yXglmoSRPwPQ9LuwZJLLOpyBceA2wGdkY6LDL9dpBQfUlEzVys5AqJqwgz66aqdKapvNcrjCBtMThjQrO2-_NVmCdlCNfm1zsuahTd7PL_frlPTqpTT4P7VeY8cdE/s7553/U%20DPL2-3-63-11%20-%20School%20Report%20Aged%2013%20and%204%20Months.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="7553" data-original-width="4745" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWJUfBtntduyX5U6xGeOgs2oA5ZQjXnP-uJiZhLU3AxP7H2OosapvwO7xXu-yXglmoSRPwPQ9LuwZJLLOpyBceA2wGdkY6LDL9dpBQfUlEzVys5AqJqwgz66aqdKapvNcrjCBtMThjQrO2-_NVmCdlCNfm1zsuahTd7PL_frlPTqpTT4P7VeY8cdE/w402-h640/U%20DPL2-3-63-11%20-%20School%20Report%20Aged%2013%20and%204%20Months.jpg" width="402" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">School report at age 13 years and 4 months, Dec 1935 [U DPL2/3/63/11]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>His senior school reports show that he was quiet child, never late nor absent, and that his conduct was good. In his first year, he finished second in his class and excelled in English, a pattern he repeated in his final year at school. Whilst at school, he grew roughly a foot, so that by 1939 he already stood at just under 6 feet tall. He appears to have been uninterested in playing sports, and despite being part of the rugby second team, was regularly graded only ‘fair’ in physical training.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Early writings</h2><p style="text-align: left;">By the time he was at school, Larkin had already developed a passion for writing. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib6yrbooadgS8mOZCV8XqiZQ8AAWt-BDJmiM2mQeQ7nnbGSMmhssrhjNHk_CrPLB4BR4iA7TIi9aP0tZObNTRy39LxBeYQHQi8TNYMkYBxwiLaMLKB3ykzm1TMrnoPTbWf_-93wOjt3qZ_VR8EnWfGFHBlnB_7YUfH_j8IiAu5Q5AiTXQve9KuSXg/s4785/U%20DPL2-1-4-8%20-%20Whitmanesque%20For%20A%20Holiday.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4785" data-original-width="3985" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib6yrbooadgS8mOZCV8XqiZQ8AAWt-BDJmiM2mQeQ7nnbGSMmhssrhjNHk_CrPLB4BR4iA7TIi9aP0tZObNTRy39LxBeYQHQi8TNYMkYBxwiLaMLKB3ykzm1TMrnoPTbWf_-93wOjt3qZ_VR8EnWfGFHBlnB_7YUfH_j8IiAu5Q5AiTXQve9KuSXg/w532-h640/U%20DPL2-1-4-8%20-%20Whitmanesque%20For%20A%20Holiday.jpg" width="532" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Untitled poem, 16 Jul 1940 [U DPL2/1/4/8]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The collections at Hull contain a number of examples of juvenilia, including this untitled poem. It is written on the back of a piece of prose titled ‘Whitmanesque for a Holiday’, both of which were written by Larkin during a family holiday in South Gower, Wales.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDolL2BjKEwkxmuGQdk7hnoNI0j74O_qrAhf8OlQTcrEQ5AoDHw7pephiP8EejPbHHDZM-HIyAl0i8OA75aywC0gEmGHsPO84BPSaz01BbGWSZin4JGbGHsQYs3ezIUrwluA_71GOb0c-sBVENco2JSLsV1GP3pyKeFLpbWWuigGyP_KVVu0072tY/s5095/U%20DPL2-1-2-1%20-%20From%20A%20Family%20Album%20-%20From%20Portrait%20Of%20The%20Artist%20As%20A%20Young%20Frog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5095" data-original-width="4495" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDolL2BjKEwkxmuGQdk7hnoNI0j74O_qrAhf8OlQTcrEQ5AoDHw7pephiP8EejPbHHDZM-HIyAl0i8OA75aywC0gEmGHsPO84BPSaz01BbGWSZin4JGbGHsQYs3ezIUrwluA_71GOb0c-sBVENco2JSLsV1GP3pyKeFLpbWWuigGyP_KVVu0072tY/w564-h640/U%20DPL2-1-2-1%20-%20From%20A%20Family%20Album%20-%20From%20Portrait%20Of%20The%20Artist%20As%20A%20Young%20Frog.jpg" width="564" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Short piece of prose written by Larkin, presented as part of a larger piece of work but in fact just a single sheet, c.1930 [U DPL2/1/2/1]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>His early writing already bears the marks of the poet whose work was characterised by realism and description rooted in personal experience and feeling. You can see in this piece of prose, titled ‘From a Family Album’, that the young Larkin has used his own family life as inspiration in his writing.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Leisure time </h2><p style="text-align: left;">A surviving childhood diary helps us understand what daily life was like for the young Larkin.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOlj4S5hezkAqXpxHW15mCRGdGrjExtVlHM53XO61lmK9bT0uH1WP9_lkwOLyUlVsym346lPORQ0vcF_8u0rED4TssdrDi1mNrvC5LlojC_GHKcJLDVahwkEbXSmYqb2aJSAKa5jRJfb8TZ65qgcVo3YwMC-eJQActfDzXF-k99ulO_vDhRfTdL_o/s5361/U%20DPL2-1-2-7%20-%20Diary%201936-1937%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5361" data-original-width="4289" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOlj4S5hezkAqXpxHW15mCRGdGrjExtVlHM53XO61lmK9bT0uH1WP9_lkwOLyUlVsym346lPORQ0vcF_8u0rED4TssdrDi1mNrvC5LlojC_GHKcJLDVahwkEbXSmYqb2aJSAKa5jRJfb8TZ65qgcVo3YwMC-eJQActfDzXF-k99ulO_vDhRfTdL_o/w512-h640/U%20DPL2-1-2-7%20-%20Diary%201936-1937%20(1).jpg" width="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from Larkin’s teenage diary, 31 Dec 1936-6 Jan 1937 [U DPL2/1/2/7]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>This extract from the diary describes his experience of the Christmas 1936 holiday period. It shows a childhood experience like many others, in which daily occurrences included going to friends’ houses, playing games and sports, and dreading the coming return to school.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM0ug_iYSegfu49dDdSru5d5KYonvMyrMLhYZVRVC6ZhxXZ2PTcFkJpnbp0yXNIpXGn8igXourx-haykW80HS5D5qewMfz6EMcUaevP5JhfcLy2j9eGp4X7U3LQVxvCwpv3vC2MLzav4YfvH9-tx7FOSTPbnItvavkVtJH_YE1ktlAen5vpH0VXqQ/s4689/U%20DP174-2-5%20-%20Letter%20from%20Larkin%20to%20Jim%20extract%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2369" data-original-width="4689" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM0ug_iYSegfu49dDdSru5d5KYonvMyrMLhYZVRVC6ZhxXZ2PTcFkJpnbp0yXNIpXGn8igXourx-haykW80HS5D5qewMfz6EMcUaevP5JhfcLy2j9eGp4X7U3LQVxvCwpv3vC2MLzav4YfvH9-tx7FOSTPbnItvavkVtJH_YE1ktlAen5vpH0VXqQ/w640-h324/U%20DP174-2-5%20-%20Letter%20from%20Larkin%20to%20Jim%20extract%201.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiieNreqDkT7nJrHafODg_y2Zk1MUWDcr1oyn4jY1Kj3On2JJB7Z4ZlpFoLa67RDvjvmNvX-_LVdv67zNcdDUVzsJRY1ZfKxTCfwxjn8j0Qg5MRyH1FywDqADd1QwAz13_pHgczTpP-aUvw1Xtr7qhiEk6qjGtQoZeszezzP6M5pj1FRefPyr4vfEM/s4705/U%20DP174-2-5%20-%20Letter%20from%20Larkin%20to%20Jim%20extract%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2345" data-original-width="4705" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiieNreqDkT7nJrHafODg_y2Zk1MUWDcr1oyn4jY1Kj3On2JJB7Z4ZlpFoLa67RDvjvmNvX-_LVdv67zNcdDUVzsJRY1ZfKxTCfwxjn8j0Qg5MRyH1FywDqADd1QwAz13_pHgczTpP-aUvw1Xtr7qhiEk6qjGtQoZeszezzP6M5pj1FRefPyr4vfEM/w640-h318/U%20DP174-2-5%20-%20Letter%20from%20Larkin%20to%20Jim%20extract%202.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extracts from a letter written by Larkin to James Sutton, 4 Aug 1939 [U DP174/2/5]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>A fascinating series of letters sent by Larkin to his childhood friend Jim Sutton reveal young Larkin’s interests. The childhood friends shared a passion for jazz music and cinema and regularly discussed their thoughts upon hearing new records or seeing the latest film. Larkin had a particular love for the music of Louis Armstrong and Count Basie, and his love of jazz music more generally would last a lifetime.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijQ2f3CbCq_u7U6w-E1V1egpyYwOCT91EqtsuCbDeRElTdRek6ZKDeqJcyQOc7YtRMwTIk0aFjaTNXdkPAn1J-dsYXiZiIZgo-5bsMqHIzKp--FSQ5RLz0uZnlk3asRgfCXxJ6fTc6HXfX-JDDimpGO73ftxXnoaWmXjBkzkYTQFgCE8afKITc948/s3139/U%20DLN-4-2-boyphotomother.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2531" data-original-width="3139" height="517" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijQ2f3CbCq_u7U6w-E1V1egpyYwOCT91EqtsuCbDeRElTdRek6ZKDeqJcyQOc7YtRMwTIk0aFjaTNXdkPAn1J-dsYXiZiIZgo-5bsMqHIzKp--FSQ5RLz0uZnlk3asRgfCXxJ6fTc6HXfX-JDDimpGO73ftxXnoaWmXjBkzkYTQFgCE8afKITc948/w640-h517/U%20DLN-4-2-boyphotomother.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Larkin taking a photograph of his sister Kitty in the garden at the family home, c.1930 [U DLN/4/2]</td></tr></tbody></table><p>This photograph, taken by his father, shows Larkin as a young boy photographing his sister Kitty. His first camera, seen here, was given to Larkin by his father who taught him how to use it and encouraged his son’s interest. </p><p>In Larkin’s letters to Jim Sutton a few years later, he mentions having purchased a new camera with his own money, indicating that he was now invested in the pursuit. Larkin would go on to become a highly competent amateur photographer. </p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Summary</h2><p>Surviving archives documenting the early years of Larkin’s life can help us to understand the poet’s formative years, his early opinions and experiences. This foundational understanding is vital if we want to build up a more complete picture of Larkin as a writer, the source of his creativity, and the inspiration behind his words. Knowing a bit more about his childhood can help us reassess traditional readings of poems such as This be the verse…</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Further info</h2><p>To mark the Larkin100 anniversary, we have produced a new source guide detailing Philip Larkin related collections held at Hull History Centre. Print copies are available for free onsite or you can <a href="https://www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk/research/research-guides/PDF/Larkin-Source-Guide.pdf ">download a PDF copy</a>.</p><p>Read our <a href="https://blog.archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/2022/08/01/larkin-with-archives/ ">August ArchivesHub feature</a> 'Larkin with Archives'. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Claire Weatherallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981310806601680841noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-33769031956239502742022-08-06T12:00:00.003+01:002022-08-06T12:00:00.158+01:00Daniel O'Connell - and "The Book of the Illustrious"<p> <b><u>“The Book of the
Illustrious” by George Henderson, 1845</u></b> [L(SLA).326.921 WIL]</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This is a wonderful volume which contains the
portraits and memoirs of notable figures of the times such as <i>Arthur Wellesley</i>, Duke of Wellington, <i>Sir Robert Peel </i>and <i>Benjamin Disraeli</i> [image 1].
One of the other “<i>illustrious</i>”
included in this work is <i>William
Wilberforce</i> which explains why there is a copy in the Local Studies slavery
collection.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiX5evhIL3D__vl1pu94G4ZTC39Fsz1HIK_0MDqjNzDIfZftwnJHD7-UQuUvl1bEaSui2dWEnu5LatqYBC8fBbHwv7IhorPdScJUnoBb_P8RTfrQlt4eRyiCcBKjKmqr3HJsW2TzKaW-7uvbOkyUOURtu80SWaM5MXXi_NtPzAfX22oVquvWyoKKBg=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiX5evhIL3D__vl1pu94G4ZTC39Fsz1HIK_0MDqjNzDIfZftwnJHD7-UQuUvl1bEaSui2dWEnu5LatqYBC8fBbHwv7IhorPdScJUnoBb_P8RTfrQlt4eRyiCcBKjKmqr3HJsW2TzKaW-7uvbOkyUOURtu80SWaM5MXXi_NtPzAfX22oVquvWyoKKBg=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 1 - Benjamin Disraeli in "<i>The Book of the Illustrious</i>"</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">However, there is another figure included in this
volume that deserves acknowledgement for his part in the anti-slavery movement
and that is <i>Daniel O’Connell [image 2] </i>known at <i>the Liberator</i>. His mobilisation of Catholic Ireland through to the
poorest class of tenant farmer helped secure <b>Catholic emancipation</b> in 1829 and allowed him to take a seat in the
United Kingdom Parliament to which he was twice elected.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">At a time when vast English and American fortunes were
being made out of the slave trade, <i>O’Connell</i>
became one of the world’s most outspoken campaigners to abolish slavery. He was
particularly concerned with the plight of the slave mothers who knew they were
producing children for the slave trade.
He was a hero to the escaped slave and black writer and activist, <i>Frederick Douglass</i>, who met <i>O’Connell</i> during a speaking tour in
Ireland in 1845. <i>O’Connell</i> never
visited the United States as it was a slave-owning country. He also wouldn’t
shake hands with anyone who supported slavery, including the US ambassador
saying:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I
should be sorry to be contaminated by the touch of a man from those states
where slavery is continued</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He was warned by
critics within his own <i>Repeal Association</i>
that this could lose financial support from America for Ireland’s cause and indeed
it did.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhI0a70OzqlgKnteaYbZ0a4FaRw-3AB_8MH40UMkMjqAK5GAcxpKqznKbA-CbICFIv6itWkEyrupVvkl1Fm2g0opO5aghwE6-rdw3a152DY42CFwYktAsOUBG9P3-AfvAEx7CdJ21uhsxtvIi902D0TPBUtNeHtxMgxWerskWwqTLKh2uo7MeRjR0U=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1533" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhI0a70OzqlgKnteaYbZ0a4FaRw-3AB_8MH40UMkMjqAK5GAcxpKqznKbA-CbICFIv6itWkEyrupVvkl1Fm2g0opO5aghwE6-rdw3a152DY42CFwYktAsOUBG9P3-AfvAEx7CdJ21uhsxtvIi902D0TPBUtNeHtxMgxWerskWwqTLKh2uo7MeRjR0U=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2 - Daniel O'Connell in "<i>The Book of the Illustrious</i>"</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">O’Connell</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> was a
brilliant lawyer and formidable politician. <i>Gladstone</i>
called him the greatest popular leader the world had ever seen. This is the man who conceived peaceful
protest – his time in France during the French revolution had given him a dread
of mob violence. This belief in non-violence would inspire future leaders such
as <i>Mahatma Gandhi</i> and <i>Nelson Mandela - </i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“<i>Not for all the universe contains
would I, in the struggle for what I conceive my county’s cause, consent to the
effusion of a single blood, except my own</i>”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">O’Connell was the first politician to recognise the possibility and the
power of popular politics where everyone could contribute. Politicians weren’t paid, but by collecting
halfpennies and pennies from thousands of people he not only found a way to
finances his movement and his political career, he gave people a stake in that
movement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What’s intriguing about this book is that it appears to be a rare volume
and four of the five copies that are listed for sale or in a depositary [on a
“<i>Google</i>” search] specifically say that the pages on <i>Daniel O’Connell</i> are missing</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Caoimhe
West, Reader Assistant, Unlocking the Treasures Project</span></i>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-29774346461473199612022-07-20T12:00:00.003+01:002022-07-20T12:00:00.160+01:00Boreman's Three Hundred Animals<p><i><span style="color: #111111; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A Description of above
Three Hundred Animals, Viz, Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Serpents, & Insects.
With a particular Account of the Manner of Catching Whales in Greenland
Extracted from the best Authors, and adapted to the use of all capacities.
Illustrated with 100 Elegant Copper Plates by Thomas Boreman. Published by Bell
& Bradfute and W. Creech, 1767</span></i><span style="color: #111111;">, [L(WHA)639.281]</span><b><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is definitely another “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Unlocked Treasure</b>” housed in the Local Studies collection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is unusual to say the least, that a Local
Studies library would house a children’s nature book. However, it was added to
the Whaling collection at some point since it contains [in the words of Boreman]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> “a particular Account of the Manner of
Catching Whales in Greenland</i>”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Initially, it appears to be a charming and well-illustrated natural
history guide designed for children. In his note to the reader, the publisher
and probably the author, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thomas Boreman</i>
discusses that many of the books meant to introduce children to the habit of
reading “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tend rather to cloy than entertain them; I have thought fit to engage
their attention with short descriptions of animals, and pictures fairly drawn,
which last, experience shews them to be much delighted with</i></b>.”<o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPNWOdyVjLev9WlVMclv9TzB5BZAsbRIkEXiHXvbyFJoNXTo-OvqPn83PufEa-iI1bC4D87naVcoIj365mI-brViK2jdDRae4wiPf07s-3HxDEZNh3cQ2wKjJ81Th7w3ytjGLV_ArT0kxW5TbeKvFrfRAJJnRILC58egYM8uDtR6B-jlCjuj3jgiA=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1451" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPNWOdyVjLev9WlVMclv9TzB5BZAsbRIkEXiHXvbyFJoNXTo-OvqPn83PufEa-iI1bC4D87naVcoIj365mI-brViK2jdDRae4wiPf07s-3HxDEZNh3cQ2wKjJ81Th7w3ytjGLV_ArT0kxW5TbeKvFrfRAJJnRILC58egYM8uDtR6B-jlCjuj3jgiA=s320" width="227" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 1 - Unicorn from Thomas Boreman's publication<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>It is unusual for its
time since it was one of the earliest publications designed to entertain as
well as educate children.<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></i>However, this book is also fascinating
for a variety of reasons. It is
interesting that it not only documents real animals, but mythical creatures as
well such as a <i>unicorn [image 1]</i>
and a <i>manticora </i>(a monster with the
body of a lion, the head of a man, porcupine’s quills, and the tail or sting of
a scorpion), which is evocative of the medieval period. This is when medieval
bestiaries collated descriptions and illustrations of animals, which ranged
from the mundane, ordinary to the imaginary, extraordinary creatures. In most bestiaries the description contained
Christian moral lessons. The bestiary was supposed to reflect and remind the
reader of the link between God and the natural world, and the superiority of
humans to beasts.<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Understandably, given the period, some of the illustrations
of the real creatures are not entire accurate! Based on the illustrator’s
imagination, inaccurate written accounts of the individual animals or the wrong
interpretation of those writings. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">The volume also contains many
foreign creatures such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lion</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tige</i>r [image 2], <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">leopard</i> [image 2]and ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rhinocerot’</i> [rhinoceros]. This highlights and reflects the
continued interest and knowledge of the wider world through the progress of
European globalization in the 18th century. Unfortunately, the artist/artists
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boreman’</i>s book are unknown which
is a shame although they derived from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Buffon</i>
and other naturalists. The variety of poses, design and shading used in the
illustrations emphasises the care and effort that the artist/artists took and
it would be fitting to recognize their “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">works
of art</i>”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEggbRMTwOwJrKjp2-YiF844AuuQjTSRaXIw_LMYIsUgSqbKdKqkJZ2032yxKGl4vseXv6HGwKlzkHXg8M6QTqhhC4ljv5d5mHv6newjdkjjSZCkhh0jDuLvrA1ddJsru77eqR9lgDNdXrsGYHOy0WVOsHbMOtmoklqS3UwkQQV6AM2RC5JjMFTM0NQ=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1709" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEggbRMTwOwJrKjp2-YiF844AuuQjTSRaXIw_LMYIsUgSqbKdKqkJZ2032yxKGl4vseXv6HGwKlzkHXg8M6QTqhhC4ljv5d5mHv6newjdkjjSZCkhh0jDuLvrA1ddJsru77eqR9lgDNdXrsGYHOy0WVOsHbMOtmoklqS3UwkQQV6AM2RC5JjMFTM0NQ=w267-h320" width="267" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2 - Tiger and Leopard from Boreman's publication<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Although the three hundred
animals descriptions and illustrations are not entirely accurate, they
represent a “snapshot” of an era when there was a quest for knowledge outside
of the local and regional level was gaining momentum and paving the way for a
more sustained and accurate collection of data on many different subjects such
as astronomy, geology, zoology, botany and geography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Caoimhe West, Reader
Assistant, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Unlocking the Treasures</i>”
project<o:p></o:p></span></p>Hull Local Studies Libraryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03071648967920340156noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-43461074609243537922022-06-07T10:30:00.042+01:002022-06-07T10:30:00.195+01:00Hull's smuggling pastSmuggling was a vicious, violent, and bloody trade. During the 18th and 19th centuries it operated on a massive scale. Goods such as tea, coffee, gin, tobacco, wines, salts, soaps and candles, necessities of their day, had heavy import duties imposed. This led to such commodities being too expensive for many. Smuggling was not an activity of the poor; it was financed by the wealthy, and those who participated in this illicit trade considered it harmless against the unjust laws imposed on everyday necessities. <div><br /></div><div>The most romanticised picture of smuggling is that along the coasts of Britain. The isolation of North Yorkshire coast for example was ideal for smuggling. Nestled along the coast and protected by the moors, its geography ensured places such as Staithes, Runswick and Robin Hoods Bay's thrived as centres of smuggling, largely out of reach from custom officers prying eyes. The isolated moorland trackways were used to transport smuggled goods inland to towns and cities. </div><div><br /></div><div> Further south, Flamborough, and indeed all down the Holderness coast, though less extensive than their North Yorkshire neighbours, smugglers could be found at work. Flamborough was reputed to use its network of caves at North Landing and Thornwick Bay to hide contraband. One of its caves, Robin Lynth's is said to be named after a local smuggler. </div><div><br /></div><div>Smuggling wasn't new or limited to coastal communities. In the fourteenth century, for example, wool was smuggled from Hull. To avoid customs, wool was hidden in the beds of the ship’s crew. And although forbidden, ships left Hull partly loaded to avoid duties, with wool secretly taken on-board once out of sight of the authorities. </div><div><br /></div><div>The late 18th and early 19th centuries were the heyday of smuggling and its practices and was rife in many harbours and ports. Hull was heavily active in this illicit trade. Largely small and compact in the 18th century, the harbour or 'Haven' saw ships laden with goods from all around the world. It was here ships that the ships were loaded and unload. Before the construction of the New Dock, later Queen's Dock, Hull was the only port in the country not to have a legal quay. This allowed merchants the opportunity to avoid custom duties from using their private staithes which lined the River Hull. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1hhMrBIz5b69OgjUwFGaUqz6Uwk5t12-oRvb5trjk7S-3jukZTwpuqPepA2Kt8AhtYYigP9F5-J4kmndh-3MSFMRp4eTWBjTbzMQj0kwBvddlLGPnvl1f3ObxmHvfak1WhFtoH2RYulj11kuiRZRHnBVU6PBdbWA8olorUNpj1S3Dc4UmPObzJX4/s1834/Hollar%20Smuggling%20image.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="836" data-original-width="1834" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1hhMrBIz5b69OgjUwFGaUqz6Uwk5t12-oRvb5trjk7S-3jukZTwpuqPepA2Kt8AhtYYigP9F5-J4kmndh-3MSFMRp4eTWBjTbzMQj0kwBvddlLGPnvl1f3ObxmHvfak1WhFtoH2RYulj11kuiRZRHnBVU6PBdbWA8olorUNpj1S3Dc4UmPObzJX4/w400-h183/Hollar%20Smuggling%20image.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hollar's plan of Hull, 1640 showing the Haven in which ships would load and unload on the private staithes that fronted the river</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>Even with the opening of the New Dock, smuggling continued. Custom Officers were all too aware of who the smugglers were but tracking them down and catching them was different matter. On one occasion custom officers at Hull received a tip off relating to three known tea smugglers, said to be staying at an inn along the River Ouse. However, when they arrived, they found the inn on the opposite side of the river with the smugglers long gone. </div><div><br /></div><div>The odds were very much stacked against the customs officers. Inadequate protection along Humber, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to many naval vessels being re-diverted to war effort. Vessels that were left to apprehend the smugglers tended to be smaller and less armed than their smuggling counterparts. In some cases, vessels employed in the prevention of smuggling stayed in port due to the lack of gunpowder and shot. Geographically the Humber was perfect for smugglers and smuggling. Creeks and Havens, such as Stoney Creek, Crably Creek and Patrington Haven were ideal and used by the smugglers to drop off contraband. Even Hessle and North Ferriby were engaged in some form of smuggling activities. </div><div><br /></div><div>Goods smuggled included salt, spices, tobacco, tea, and spirits such as gin but also included, medicines, playing cards, toys, paper, and even human hair for wigs. Timber was also smuggled. Much of the smuggling was financed by the wealthy elite. The influential Hull merchant, Samuel Standidge, was suspected of being behind the smuggling of German China. When a Swedish vessel was seized for having a quantity of wool that had not had duty paid on it, its master impeached several notable Hull merchants, including Standidge himself. </div><div><br /></div><div>Although the authorities were up against it, they did have some success. A wealthy yeoman from Cottingham was prosecuted for receiving smuggled goods. He was even reputed to have used heavy handed tactics to deter later accusations against him. Such was the seriousness of the smuggling; the authorities deployed the military. The 4th Dragoons in Holderness proved a great help to customs officers by seizing large quantities of gin, tea, coffee, and tobacco. However, for each success, dozens would perhaps go undetected. </div><div><br /></div><div>The energy of one man was a thorn in the smugglers side. Captain James Gleadow was a tide-surveyor at Hull, whose job it was to seek out contraband. He apprehended the brig Friends carrying human and animal bones from the battlefields of Europe. The vessel was boarded three miles off Spurn Head. Concealed on board was snuff, tobacco, opium, silks, and gin. Gleadow continued to seize vessels, a vast number of these were in the Humber. Despite his success Gleadow had difficulty in obtaining his reward money, and between 1823 and 1825 he received no reward for his captures. Gleadow continued to apprehend smugglers, but soon he too was implicated in smuggling racket, in which we were accused of profiting from smuggled tobacco. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpdPHJwD4Jd5HeEGP4-MqJX-YKoo711hIUGOYZpRre0VjCfgyKhuj1FXL1pk578WVQ4sg2OK0vcO4rIEYID_Bxh1kfFoOF7ZWHQneVPUmFpKBfqg-sq6Q_4cOIMGIqerjtZWzN5fj4qcJK_6RG7eYIuzSdyEULY_CZHPrCJc8A_I07_KEXhKpebo0/s3873/Gleadow,%20James.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3873" data-original-width="2420" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpdPHJwD4Jd5HeEGP4-MqJX-YKoo711hIUGOYZpRre0VjCfgyKhuj1FXL1pk578WVQ4sg2OK0vcO4rIEYID_Bxh1kfFoOF7ZWHQneVPUmFpKBfqg-sq6Q_4cOIMGIqerjtZWzN5fj4qcJK_6RG7eYIuzSdyEULY_CZHPrCJc8A_I07_KEXhKpebo0/w400-h640/Gleadow,%20James.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Witness statement of James Gleadow, Customs Officer, 1841 against John O'Neal for smuggling tobacco [Ref: C CQB/198/194W]</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>The late 18th century was arguably the zenith of the smuggling trade, and with-it huge profits were made. It was said tobacco bought for £100 on the continent could sell for then ten times the price in Hull. However, the end of the Napoleonic saw in decline in smuggling, including at Hull and along the Humber. The reduction of import duties which had funded the war against Napoleon no longer made smuggling a profitable enterprise. By the 1830s the illegal trade in tea and wines had all but ceased. Smuggling in spirits and tobacco continued, but in far less quantities than previous. </div><div><br /></div><div>Compared to places such as Whitby, Staithes and Robin Hoods Bay, nothing remains of Hull’s smuggling past. Much of the old town has changed over the last century or so since the slum clearances and its redevelopment after the Second World War. There are no Smugglers’ Inn, networks, or small tight alleys for smuggled goods to be easily moved out of sight of customs officers. Only towards Sunk Island with places such as Stoney Creek and its isolation can we get a feel and reminder of the areas smuggling past. </div><div><br /></div><div>The History Centre has several books on Smuggling in Yorkshire. Available to borrow, include Graham Smith’s Smuggling in Yorkshire 1700-1850 and Jack Dyke’s Smuggling on the Yorkshire Coast [Ref: L.336.26]. All you need is a Hull Libraries card, which you can sign up for at the Hull History Centre. Just bring proof of address!
</div><div><br /></div><div>Neil Chadwick</div><div>Librarian/Archivist </div><div><br /></div>Neil Chadwickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14465378653681324857noreply@blogger.com0Hull, UK53.767623600000007 -0.327419825.457389763821162 -35.4836698 82.077857436178846 34.8288302tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46088225791121788.post-28025477468273136552022-06-04T09:30:00.001+01:002022-06-04T09:30:00.258+01:00Jubilee Blogs Part 2: Royal manuscripts continued...<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Will I complete the challenge? Let's start where we left off, with...</span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Edward VI<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another
illustration, this time an engraving, dating from 1787, depicting the
procession of King Edward VI from the Tower of London to Westminster for his
coronation. If the image can be trusted, the procession must have been a very
grand affair!</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTU1nElsuCtM4z0WlyxiJbEfaNhNYzLhFT7eUMN5LRx4jFbQKmIMwDvKBWV0fIIHonaH2b6UUL_hIpsw4KjR5bLvKHAIhnlR5VsR66kcpPMWnmp-53PpBwIa5F9PlmLaAR28FjrvrrQklMjVDI3XYs9t3ajdLrBfg5tVrQacY4-NTIhG6LBfijjdHt/s5184/U%20DDSY4-12-1%20image1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3240" data-original-width="5184" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTU1nElsuCtM4z0WlyxiJbEfaNhNYzLhFT7eUMN5LRx4jFbQKmIMwDvKBWV0fIIHonaH2b6UUL_hIpsw4KjR5bLvKHAIhnlR5VsR66kcpPMWnmp-53PpBwIa5F9PlmLaAR28FjrvrrQklMjVDI3XYs9t3ajdLrBfg5tVrQacY4-NTIhG6LBfijjdHt/s320/U%20DDSY4-12-1%20image1.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDSY4/12/1</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mary I<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">From an
unknown scribe we have any apparently contemporary account of Wyatt’s Rebellion
and the marriage of Queen Mary and Philip II of Spain. Suffice to say,
handwriting standards have changed considerably!</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTwER1ISkDO2v2dq8X0BoQTJRjK8YYra4UPmaYqJXrdDr2Fm9WsgQEFRkiR5RZfLIEJ1oi9xE3bffDMy2B3Z3rNBaZ0q6u87m839uBTbOTQgYpb6yOc38_4b23m97BOVQrjgv_ooz_zo760SBB_SZeSRhRV_qN4c804fOZWqG3nn4A5usMAvnKsg19/s3762/U%20DDSY-104-2%20extract%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3762" data-original-width="2535" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTwER1ISkDO2v2dq8X0BoQTJRjK8YYra4UPmaYqJXrdDr2Fm9WsgQEFRkiR5RZfLIEJ1oi9xE3bffDMy2B3Z3rNBaZ0q6u87m839uBTbOTQgYpb6yOc38_4b23m97BOVQrjgv_ooz_zo760SBB_SZeSRhRV_qN4c804fOZWqG3nn4A5usMAvnKsg19/s320/U%20DDSY-104-2%20extract%20no%20background.png" width="216" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDSY/104/2</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Elizabeth I<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">And for
Mary’s rival and half-sister, we have a letters patent granting to Sir Henry
Knevett special livery of all estates of his mother Dame Anne Knevett (1586),
with the great seal of Elizabeth I still attached. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidcP_LKlgc7UnBgrg1LtK9fczYo47EpG2x7rLj87deYTIV8IX0DWWKs6FIzIs0CBmwgquXbjlgowYqJr5Vbw7HxoiJrSkXY_4lGit4bLMDVY-lzAFrADhx2HSMASu_jpGzk8F2R5H4QwcKoz4vYi8GL83s_WH4X5Z2yZAGVKZ3-kgCPtcYQSKcSRQZ/s5184/U%20DDFA-5-72%20extract%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3408" data-original-width="5184" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidcP_LKlgc7UnBgrg1LtK9fczYo47EpG2x7rLj87deYTIV8IX0DWWKs6FIzIs0CBmwgquXbjlgowYqJr5Vbw7HxoiJrSkXY_4lGit4bLMDVY-lzAFrADhx2HSMASu_jpGzk8F2R5H4QwcKoz4vYi8GL83s_WH4X5Z2yZAGVKZ3-kgCPtcYQSKcSRQZ/s320/U%20DDFA-5-72%20extract%20no%20background.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDFA/5/72 extract</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuS954jShaKaSfExQ79T7e9OqkgcIh_QI4JowNQTkbu6JKgISGB4x42yJ7HIsNqcWmKTgd9IkU_uvgFB1ZlTrVmEDpYeV4dqxsGWtULjwHiZwbv0nYFwz7S-_oz_bGiVdVBHcgMx387oUVFn80MKIWap-4xI_LDxv_UTNJYLfK-55xXU03iGvCwKrs/s2580/U%20DDFA-5-72%20seal%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2580" data-original-width="2208" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuS954jShaKaSfExQ79T7e9OqkgcIh_QI4JowNQTkbu6JKgISGB4x42yJ7HIsNqcWmKTgd9IkU_uvgFB1ZlTrVmEDpYeV4dqxsGWtULjwHiZwbv0nYFwz7S-_oz_bGiVdVBHcgMx387oUVFn80MKIWap-4xI_LDxv_UTNJYLfK-55xXU03iGvCwKrs/s320/U%20DDFA-5-72%20seal%20no%20background.png" width="274" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDFA/5/72 great seal of Elizabeth I</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">James I<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another
letters patent (1607), this time sealed by the king who united the crowns,
relating to various properties and lands in Yorkshire, including 10 mills, 100
gardens, 3000 acres of land, and 4 dovecotes! </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3rikxvVfCBUL42euYla5Cs8hDa2F6UYGNxV5D5WefYrZHxuWMcRk1h1ZYiD8D9z6VDK8ARIhGWWNxoYafWK7yrEqGqEyLttbZtkQcpkh19_fSGr6bjhUe8zjyLmTgepj3T0vrj9tZyPXYn63gZ5shTrzq6HenZ1IQuEyL19C0byuYV2SOlS6DFw75/s2988/U%20DDFA-5-75%20seal%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2988" data-original-width="2940" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3rikxvVfCBUL42euYla5Cs8hDa2F6UYGNxV5D5WefYrZHxuWMcRk1h1ZYiD8D9z6VDK8ARIhGWWNxoYafWK7yrEqGqEyLttbZtkQcpkh19_fSGr6bjhUe8zjyLmTgepj3T0vrj9tZyPXYn63gZ5shTrzq6HenZ1IQuEyL19C0byuYV2SOlS6DFw75/s320/U%20DDFA-5-75%20seal%20no%20background.png" width="315" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDFA/5/75 great seal of of James I</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Charles I<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Charles,
I think it’s safe to say, proved unsuccessful as a monarch and in this letter
he gives leave to the Earl of Nithsdale to surrender Caerlaverock Castle which
was besieged for 13 weeks in 1640 by the Protestant Covenanter army during the
Bishops’ Wars. This was two years before the start of the Civil War and 9 years
before Charles’ execution.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdCMqEsQdtj7EdqBYStlBKk0pRstm-rXFbOC-vE2Jl3nGWINMN3UbwQR7D3KiEfH1lrjl_VEHHyCNN1PWg7AoVDqAFHRR4qKd9t_romPoa-OLf5Fw2jveX00t8dmmsjofYEUyYBdrbcpgY8DOnypkus4m6_KPMKRaxB9813BaFYuczkv-KTNYiovxo/s3784/U%20DDEV-79-G159%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3784" data-original-width="2800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdCMqEsQdtj7EdqBYStlBKk0pRstm-rXFbOC-vE2Jl3nGWINMN3UbwQR7D3KiEfH1lrjl_VEHHyCNN1PWg7AoVDqAFHRR4qKd9t_romPoa-OLf5Fw2jveX00t8dmmsjofYEUyYBdrbcpgY8DOnypkus4m6_KPMKRaxB9813BaFYuczkv-KTNYiovxo/s320/U%20DDEV-79-G159%20no%20background.png" width="237" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDEV/79/G159</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Charles II<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">We stay
with items relating to contemporary religious issues, with this manuscript
report of a Mr Huddleston’s account of the death in the Roman Catholic faith of
Charles II. For a supposedly Protestant monarch, to convert on his death bed
was controversial. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO4GgYr9xZE0VP6g1miyDJIvG7yikArh2la6YiR6usTf4Q3HsjAOFY3AEpB5HtV2V0rHamL9K5T4LFJryxPmI0vHHUnj0rniyGWF-OJC7TFqI4JARjsJGI3mAJItRe-eswfkzdWUQKl1Pse5XaGpIUe6OFowwrPsj2qmWymRnY-NRJKemlpjVWY39l/s3204/U%20DDEV-68-248-82%20crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3204" data-original-width="2520" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO4GgYr9xZE0VP6g1miyDJIvG7yikArh2la6YiR6usTf4Q3HsjAOFY3AEpB5HtV2V0rHamL9K5T4LFJryxPmI0vHHUnj0rniyGWF-OJC7TFqI4JARjsJGI3mAJItRe-eswfkzdWUQKl1Pse5XaGpIUe6OFowwrPsj2qmWymRnY-NRJKemlpjVWY39l/s320/U%20DDEV-68-248-82%20crop.jpg" width="252" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDEV/68/248/82</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">James II<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Charles’
brother, James, found to his cost that England, Wales and Scotland would no
longer tolerate a Catholic monarch. This item dates from July 1687, not long
before he was forced from the throne by the Glorious Revolution, and is a form
of loyal address to the king from Roman Catholics ‘whiche should have been presented
at the assizes at York but the grand juryes would not allow of itt’. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVO7j_YQc5rIlskIOB6s0nGUj60_7aINmoXREj1zcRaKtVz_vQIOIIV8GkFx8RqMvkEqUjfB9JXaqoDBxF-fX0aYgPV_LK7AEveW9dOJu9AKIBQxU-zrEHQnJlGOW9dDADdM2gOTomrUeUyrYe7JER2kBE1JYFn1vjMnDuD6hW2vlHVXDTfJagAnwt/s5184/U%20DDEV-68-248-84%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVO7j_YQc5rIlskIOB6s0nGUj60_7aINmoXREj1zcRaKtVz_vQIOIIV8GkFx8RqMvkEqUjfB9JXaqoDBxF-fX0aYgPV_LK7AEveW9dOJu9AKIBQxU-zrEHQnJlGOW9dDADdM2gOTomrUeUyrYe7JER2kBE1JYFn1vjMnDuD6hW2vlHVXDTfJagAnwt/s320/U%20DDEV-68-248-84%20no%20background.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDEV/68/248/84</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">William and Mary<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">For our
one and only joint reign, we have a letter to Sir John Hotham from eight
leading citizens of Hull professing support for William III, with hopes that
Sir John and William Gee would represent the city in Parliament (15 Dec 1688).</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTVG05iIdmQmC3Z2EH_ScKIgRhq6bLBZ9mJRabTrlfa3ezxwPlpL2zZOXPP1fx_8NOmpGounW1NtRjw50ETcMjm3JafL_8QL74ilrPVRHRyi-rithEHFaKCS8P7TTzUcfGQp0s6ln5_c7_iPyPMxfbPaA0-REI4w96v-4S6hhxQuGCj4vTJwFMwcuF/s4282/U%20DDHO-13-2b%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4282" data-original-width="2808" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTVG05iIdmQmC3Z2EH_ScKIgRhq6bLBZ9mJRabTrlfa3ezxwPlpL2zZOXPP1fx_8NOmpGounW1NtRjw50ETcMjm3JafL_8QL74ilrPVRHRyi-rithEHFaKCS8P7TTzUcfGQp0s6ln5_c7_iPyPMxfbPaA0-REI4w96v-4S6hhxQuGCj4vTJwFMwcuF/s320/U%20DDHO-13-2b%20no%20background.png" width="210" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDHO/13/2b</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Anne<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">And this
letter to another Hotham, Sir Charles, is signed by Queen Anne herself. In it
she orders Sir Charles to encamp his regiment in the Isle of Wight in
preparation for ‘the present expedition’ to Spain (2 Jun 1706). </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiME6WseHt1zJE1VWlvMNgJHRg1WnhAO9o_prkTurvZIEw0SK1KIE0_Ez_DZwWrsBfWri_ZvBWyc_8OYRFQcUujm8V2nQZyycIjkAIw3YOh0DNhxm8q62vSBRX_A3Wqo18UWZYhB3GRh6ihjtyeB7uxw3svalf7_NlOhPkjWppcvg-uP8gFmg3nLDKR/s3586/U%20DDHO-13-4%20extract%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3586" data-original-width="2339" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiME6WseHt1zJE1VWlvMNgJHRg1WnhAO9o_prkTurvZIEw0SK1KIE0_Ez_DZwWrsBfWri_ZvBWyc_8OYRFQcUujm8V2nQZyycIjkAIw3YOh0DNhxm8q62vSBRX_A3Wqo18UWZYhB3GRh6ihjtyeB7uxw3svalf7_NlOhPkjWppcvg-uP8gFmg3nLDKR/s320/U%20DDHO-13-4%20extract%20no%20background.png" width="209" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDHO/13/4</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">George I<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Now for
the first of the Georges and another reminder of the religious difficulties
Britain continued to face, with a list of the ‘Names of the Roman Catholics,
Non-jurors, and others, who refused to take the Oaths’ to the King (1715). Here
we can see the first entries for the East Riding of Yorkshire: </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih3GrofyTKn_Wk9DUmPpep-AErGfRemxRmwazdWHwQWklfFqj6x0yTW9etOpFO8KANH2kEK_zyme1-2W15WoUqMdlk3yKK5-siCmcX_xHdD3NDhqL56cZbTVyt8gCWmSvbQM5C3_7WONJHlRs5Q_zX9zrKzu745sxg-6H0X-0xSZ2N6VkhIVszHIWa/s3924/U%20DDEV-67-25%20image4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3348" data-original-width="3924" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih3GrofyTKn_Wk9DUmPpep-AErGfRemxRmwazdWHwQWklfFqj6x0yTW9etOpFO8KANH2kEK_zyme1-2W15WoUqMdlk3yKK5-siCmcX_xHdD3NDhqL56cZbTVyt8gCWmSvbQM5C3_7WONJHlRs5Q_zX9zrKzu745sxg-6H0X-0xSZ2N6VkhIVszHIWa/s320/U%20DDEV-67-25%20image4.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDEV/67/25 extract</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">George II<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">For
George II, we have an agreement between the king and a William Thompson with a
particularly grand portrait of George and other elaborate decorations (4 Jul
1737). </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb6KF15KF5bvLlsIPa6rkeVdc46Qo37XyBOBEY17x7ILOQgwuuz3BunTspVGKCLRK_HCV3fFEltN05bLqKwnSO57uuwpvjBAxLDmXWXcMrXAND5-movo2JavsshE4XuShqW-hvwURVI7HPvpwn91W2_CFlZ76rr7MWL3wQY_uChiItotoH1PfwtRJO/s4944/U%20DDHO-55-27%20initial%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3408" data-original-width="4944" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb6KF15KF5bvLlsIPa6rkeVdc46Qo37XyBOBEY17x7ILOQgwuuz3BunTspVGKCLRK_HCV3fFEltN05bLqKwnSO57uuwpvjBAxLDmXWXcMrXAND5-movo2JavsshE4XuShqW-hvwURVI7HPvpwn91W2_CFlZ76rr7MWL3wQY_uChiItotoH1PfwtRJO/s320/U%20DDHO-55-27%20initial%20no%20background.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDHO/55/27 extract</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">George III<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">A
significantly less ostentatious item now, a letter from George Hotham to Sir Charles
Thompson describing a meeting with George III, Hotham’s new post as
Sub-Governor to the Prince of Wales and a description of Hotham’s wife’s
meeting with the king and queen (15 Jun 1776). </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDwc5kgLi48EzWx4760uaAr_1gJl4yDHXH6x5QeG-d3sCaI-8SGDjW04ZC1IysvJgw9rh877_TIoT0kmU15KnZzb_3jNBpvEYH1WAILKvioNN4D3tP516htUSyVoHlQYohyj1h5aDGv3wMGSDkKa-YlgTvXpVMWDeZwxxRM4Dpsajqk2GT1sAA0hoB/s2661/U%20DDHO-4-17-5%20p1%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2661" data-original-width="2138" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDwc5kgLi48EzWx4760uaAr_1gJl4yDHXH6x5QeG-d3sCaI-8SGDjW04ZC1IysvJgw9rh877_TIoT0kmU15KnZzb_3jNBpvEYH1WAILKvioNN4D3tP516htUSyVoHlQYohyj1h5aDGv3wMGSDkKa-YlgTvXpVMWDeZwxxRM4Dpsajqk2GT1sAA0hoB/s320/U%20DDHO-4-17-5%20p1%20no%20background.png" width="257" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDHO/4/17/5 extract</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">George IV<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">And for
the final George, a remarkably well preserved newspaper with a sombre account
of his death. Newspapers generally deteriorate rapidly, despite best
preservation efforts, owing to their being printed on low grade paper. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWYG3RGEVdGjagX_IdnmKCfvRCU0_TsuYvPldYIGzBv0Js6UZh2geMS_5xOgzDs1i3bGwe3o3kBmqKe_mJcfGrWgwIOMTwszz0-feQABFBv_ycH2lHn5RVRUglwmNAtvnQjzAx95jmyOeVB1Ylcp2Eqabm_ktVxuuwrDaQoWigfH1Jo_diSjodWkeX/s2016/U%20DDSH2-12-11%20image2%20crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1188" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWYG3RGEVdGjagX_IdnmKCfvRCU0_TsuYvPldYIGzBv0Js6UZh2geMS_5xOgzDs1i3bGwe3o3kBmqKe_mJcfGrWgwIOMTwszz0-feQABFBv_ycH2lHn5RVRUglwmNAtvnQjzAx95jmyOeVB1Ylcp2Eqabm_ktVxuuwrDaQoWigfH1Jo_diSjodWkeX/s320/U%20DDSH2-12-11%20image2%20crop.jpg" width="189" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDSH2/12/11 extract</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">William IV<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Our
final charter on this list is a copy of one granted by William IV to Hull
Trinity House – quite apt considering he was nicknamed the ‘Sailor King’ owing
to his youthful Royal Navy service. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE1D9CteW3X3xvB-6w7qMmJXFuN2MbUupKVbuOo5ADpsQ4WA2z6-72s7Y75R_Th_QG3imx-B62cqxlchGTIxFCyPavBfU7rLyb-4zY-0EyZofm3mX__ehjfGFz4ddc8cOgKJBzGb_Qia1MQukXaiJ8WL09GcjWY6klKe4uBQKi1iCO1guJz3glWWpr/s5184/U%20DTR-5-4%20image2%20no%20background.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5184" data-original-width="3456" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE1D9CteW3X3xvB-6w7qMmJXFuN2MbUupKVbuOo5ADpsQ4WA2z6-72s7Y75R_Th_QG3imx-B62cqxlchGTIxFCyPavBfU7rLyb-4zY-0EyZofm3mX__ehjfGFz4ddc8cOgKJBzGb_Qia1MQukXaiJ8WL09GcjWY6klKe4uBQKi1iCO1guJz3glWWpr/s320/U%20DTR-5-4%20image2%20no%20background.png" width="213" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DTR/5/4 extract</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Victoria<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">A
fitting item for a blog celebrating a jubilee – a menu for a banquet at
Beverley Assembly Rooms in celebration of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee. Do
you think you would have enjoyed any of the courses? </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCzujjdSM1_iAQWMV3u1iGLsIN2W-Hy9jicwmxg0yjsS1x20xxVQ--BQkVSvWw72Bwls8Wru1RXXx-yseaxwGHvoeC3Iq1FqXWJQ1YkRZxt5rjLleNf6MVhd0ZytAJA6PIEOi8C_2qks0tDLMEDGmvEKLmhGeZ0Rn_ElgrJOg0k-gmq1Frap5ZPprQ/s2004/U%20DDMM-2-64%20image1.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1511" data-original-width="2004" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCzujjdSM1_iAQWMV3u1iGLsIN2W-Hy9jicwmxg0yjsS1x20xxVQ--BQkVSvWw72Bwls8Wru1RXXx-yseaxwGHvoeC3Iq1FqXWJQ1YkRZxt5rjLleNf6MVhd0ZytAJA6PIEOi8C_2qks0tDLMEDGmvEKLmhGeZ0Rn_ElgrJOg0k-gmq1Frap5ZPprQ/s320/U%20DDMM-2-64%20image1.tif" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDMM/2/64 front and reverse</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnunBk1MNiEWls6sYyb1z2ox5j1JdnA120lVOOkRq0D7ZSEiswHxs3PbM89Z_YYufbjAFslBreScQahQQ6GpcWvp2Xm6aXoL5hdxa4IOWRWZjVDp7GF10c-ny9BpFuawoAdlKt3QzIxk9JdyKbA7z7KHzcxQW9Ixx6lcPQcKwLQiu8gTlbltVSGpnV/s2008/U%20DDMM-2-64%20image2.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1543" data-original-width="2008" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnunBk1MNiEWls6sYyb1z2ox5j1JdnA120lVOOkRq0D7ZSEiswHxs3PbM89Z_YYufbjAFslBreScQahQQ6GpcWvp2Xm6aXoL5hdxa4IOWRWZjVDp7GF10c-ny9BpFuawoAdlKt3QzIxk9JdyKbA7z7KHzcxQW9Ixx6lcPQcKwLQiu8gTlbltVSGpnV/s320/U%20DDMM-2-64%20image2.tif" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDMM/2/64 inside</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Edward VII<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">From one
royal celebration to another, this time a coronation. Here we have a copy of
the order of service used at the Priory Church, Bridlington, to celebrate the
coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra: </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4ZQOshFkpbZ1tQMCxQOqG7dNx2dVO1wl0z0Nw-DXAAsPGbfziM3XZB2rwpknli5VqHLM7OVMxgoQxCkl8Q172i_w0yGqEQ05F7cxnChCLTgnGu3gcaZ2AI_efqInDMdi_g_GbtRzARGBVqXg6bDKdVudHcRUDLR9qmEqbcdi2ZoUgE6tX35fhSs3/s1745/U%20DDMM-4-22%20image1.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1745" data-original-width="1058" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4ZQOshFkpbZ1tQMCxQOqG7dNx2dVO1wl0z0Nw-DXAAsPGbfziM3XZB2rwpknli5VqHLM7OVMxgoQxCkl8Q172i_w0yGqEQ05F7cxnChCLTgnGu3gcaZ2AI_efqInDMdi_g_GbtRzARGBVqXg6bDKdVudHcRUDLR9qmEqbcdi2ZoUgE6tX35fhSs3/s320/U%20DDMM-4-22%20image1.tif" width="194" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DDMM/4/22 front</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">George V<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">And this
booklet was produced as a souvenir to commemorate the opening of Hull Joint
Dock by King George V on 26 June 1914.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPsO571Qq0hHHpQawolRfC0Tf0i7V_r1Rg-ntef_CFbyfxpFE4WH5vz9BdbOpv1yN5SuSfkH42FNT4pICLchrHInX-FB1d2YB4ytZj3oY59tSt2igmMZ8bVyIHEmgc5np066rwhHdAawUD5BhAAnxz_vDv2b0hC1YRNRvRJ7hQAqbiiMgu7Sn4wB5J/s3359/U%20DGO-49%20p1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2807" data-original-width="3359" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPsO571Qq0hHHpQawolRfC0Tf0i7V_r1Rg-ntef_CFbyfxpFE4WH5vz9BdbOpv1yN5SuSfkH42FNT4pICLchrHInX-FB1d2YB4ytZj3oY59tSt2igmMZ8bVyIHEmgc5np066rwhHdAawUD5BhAAnxz_vDv2b0hC1YRNRvRJ7hQAqbiiMgu7Sn4wB5J/s320/U%20DGO-49%20p1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DGO/49 p1</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjCOip1N_r921moqggZYHiJ8nirCvAQQDzIxwgYUgYoR_Rtbb9i2rUz3qCWN3NXiIIh_4K9knXJvWmH8T8eWCoUnzaahkwVEMXQljNW9smYQCSrQHPqy1yCu3iILORg-kwLwEGudOr-F3eFujcvnxGcr-wYVpbyDyVEb-iTHd4_mua33bhE7Osusus/s3370/U%20DGO-49%20p4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2759" data-original-width="3370" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjCOip1N_r921moqggZYHiJ8nirCvAQQDzIxwgYUgYoR_Rtbb9i2rUz3qCWN3NXiIIh_4K9knXJvWmH8T8eWCoUnzaahkwVEMXQljNW9smYQCSrQHPqy1yCu3iILORg-kwLwEGudOr-F3eFujcvnxGcr-wYVpbyDyVEb-iTHd4_mua33bhE7Osusus/s320/U%20DGO-49%20p4.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U DGO/49 p4</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Edward VIII<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">This
photograph was taken as part of Edward’s visit, whilst still Prince of Wales,
to the University College of Hull to see local efforts being made to help the
unemployed (1930s). </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJUXza3R2Up-LQmMHygkSPgGk0k0d6IQ8BDSfS9dLFH0N8owpc_aj8FFlUBg_VRgbHqNPxqRO6gbYR4gtpdqdgt97n5oCE4OcFKKvJ24foK6AXt5vPoRjCmKfCgIDd8GnmYCJsHxyWVJIGqIV154L9ZQYGoJODAxIphYscGYVfJscbTJVNffFgVlC/s2293/DSC_3343%20H.%20R.%20H.%20The%20Prince%20of%20Wales%20visits%20the%20Unemployed%20M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1741" data-original-width="2293" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJUXza3R2Up-LQmMHygkSPgGk0k0d6IQ8BDSfS9dLFH0N8owpc_aj8FFlUBg_VRgbHqNPxqRO6gbYR4gtpdqdgt97n5oCE4OcFKKvJ24foK6AXt5vPoRjCmKfCgIDd8GnmYCJsHxyWVJIGqIV154L9ZQYGoJODAxIphYscGYVfJscbTJVNffFgVlC/s320/DSC_3343%20H.%20R.%20H.%20The%20Prince%20of%20Wales%20visits%20the%20Unemployed%20M.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U PHO</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">George VI<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Whilst
this photograph is of Edward’s brother, later George VI, who laid the
foundation stone of the University College in 1928.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhraUttDJMvk5P5itXy28jcDKyzd5lqt6DArb9TwLGlq_oY_9x4GONlQKX4nZvt3uPEQnRNxYL-xh8asjq9GQCTiPnI5xUd1EqrMCDcsvaRL4r9K1P5XDHUH0fOhNSn8chhPRfRxjo_CV6ryRy94mLwIbrHXuSSH3vWLSscBqNFNsIkJ7OCUHorBpDN/s2018/08%20Foundation%20Stone%20Laying%20Ceremony%20April%201928%20copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1434" data-original-width="2018" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhraUttDJMvk5P5itXy28jcDKyzd5lqt6DArb9TwLGlq_oY_9x4GONlQKX4nZvt3uPEQnRNxYL-xh8asjq9GQCTiPnI5xUd1EqrMCDcsvaRL4r9K1P5XDHUH0fOhNSn8chhPRfRxjo_CV6ryRy94mLwIbrHXuSSH3vWLSscBqNFNsIkJ7OCUHorBpDN/s320/08%20Foundation%20Stone%20Laying%20Ceremony%20April%201928%20copy.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">U PHO</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Elizabeth II<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">And now
to our final monarch, Elizabeth II, who granted the University College its charter
in 1954 enabling it to award degrees in its own right! </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBp72DQ0tiHd3WcE7mZdudVl6IdT5I91dg0xwsvBHtG_J8ED0tiHldQumIDu9WXElZ90ALUtWZ0eSLWBKkvB4S3ZOKkNi5vC3i3K4TcEbgziJtD9l6p3glhQD91UNpObcawBR9Q_ZApkJcYl5TiXVIb-Q7ByXtyWr0nI62MuCm-7tVHDnrXnw8_N1q/s2452/University%20Charter%20page%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2452" data-original-width="1430" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBp72DQ0tiHd3WcE7mZdudVl6IdT5I91dg0xwsvBHtG_J8ED0tiHldQumIDu9WXElZ90ALUtWZ0eSLWBKkvB4S3ZOKkNi5vC3i3K4TcEbgziJtD9l6p3glhQD91UNpObcawBR9Q_ZApkJcYl5TiXVIb-Q7ByXtyWr0nI62MuCm-7tVHDnrXnw8_N1q/s320/University%20Charter%20page%201.jpg" width="187" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">U REG</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Woo hoo,
challenge completed! I hope you enjoyed taking this trip with me, via
manuscripts, through royal history and hope that you have a great Jubilee
weekend!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Until
next time…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Verity
Minniti<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">Archives
Assistant<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: arial;">University
of Hull</span></span></p>Verity Minnitihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08387017942414554502noreply@blogger.com0